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In history, this grand arterial 1500-mile waterway was always seen as the natural frontier between the northern provinces of the Iranian empires and the outer Turanian lands. It was for centuries central to Achaemenid and later Persian power. But, as the author shows, it has a prehistory which goes very much further back: and a succession of skilled yet still elusive Bronze Age cultures flourished here well before the rise of Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE. This richly illustrated book explores the fascinating history, art and archaeology of the region, including its primal trade in silk and foodstuffs; the mineral wealth of the Oxus basin; its exotic myths and beliefs; and the converging tribes and peoples which led to a new stability, economic growth and urbanism. The volume contains 150 full-colour photographs of notable artefacts, including silver decorated vessels, inlaid stone pots, agate beads and 25 'Bactrian Princesses': remarkable statuettes made in chlorite and limestone. Most of these rare objects have never been seen, let alone published, before.

Amu Darya Valley --- Antiquities. --- Antiquities --- History. --- Bactria --- Bactriane --- Amu Darya (Vallée de) --- Civilization --- Civilisation --- Antiquités --- Histoire --- Funde --- Bronzezeit --- Archäologie --- Baktrien --- Margiana --- Amu-Darja-Gebiet --- Amu Darya (Vallée de) --- Antiquités --- Archäologie. --- Funde. --- Archäologie. --- Bronzezeit. --- Baktrien. --- Margiana. --- Amu-Darja-Gebiet. --- Asia, Central / Antiquities --- Amu Darya / Antiquities

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Abu 'Abdollâh' Jafar ibn Mohammad Rudaki (c. 880 CE-941 CE) was a poet to the Samanid court which ruled much of Khorâsân (northeastern Persia) from its seat in Bukhara. He is widely regarded as "the father of Persian poetry, for he was the first major poet to write in New Persian language, following the Arab conquest in the seventh and eighth centuries, which established Islam as the official religion, and made Arabic the predominant literary language in Persian-speaking lands for some two centuries. In the tenth century the Caliphate power, with headquarters in Bagdad, gradually weakened. The remoteness of Khorâsân, where Rudaki was based, provided a hospitable atmosphere for a "renaissance" of Persian literature. Persian poetry-now written in the Arabic alphabet-flourished under the patronage of the Samanid amirs, who drew literary talent to their court. Under the rule of Nasr ibn Ahmad II (r. 914-943), Rudaki distinguished himself as the brightest literary star of the Samanid court. This book presents Rudaki as the founder of a new poetic aesthetic, which was adopted by subsequent generations of Persian poets. Rudaki is credited with being the first to write in the rubâi form; and many of the images we first encounter in Rudaki's lines have become staples of Persian poetry.

Quatrains, Persian --- History and criticism. --- Rūdakī, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Literature --- Persian poetry --- persia --- poetry --- Amu Darya --- Couplet --- Emir --- Iranian calendars --- Rudaki --- Wine

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This Special Issue is aimed at presenting the state of the art of the multidisciplinary science concerning all aspects of volcanic plumes, of relevance to the volcanology, climatology, atmospheric science, and remote sensing communities.

alginate --- gas diffusion method --- bubble-column scrubber --- X-ray diffraction --- phosphorylated chitin --- calcite --- calcium carbonate --- sedimentary model --- composite --- urease --- Amu Darya Basin --- sericin --- aragonite --- ammonia bicarbonate --- capture --- hydrogels --- bacterial extracellular secretion --- MICP --- carbonation --- SEM --- multi-wall carbon nanotubes --- micromechanics --- Lessonia nigrescens --- biomineralization --- Bacillus subtilis --- CO2 --- Sporosarcina pasteurii --- CaCO3 --- mass-transfer coefficient --- hierarchic structure --- main controlling factors --- carbon dioxide --- surface energy --- Callovian-Oxfordian --- contact angle --- potentiometric titration --- xanthan --- cement --- crystallization --- nacre --- reservoir --- electrocrystallization --- alginate --- gas diffusion method --- bubble-column scrubber --- X-ray diffraction --- phosphorylated chitin --- calcite --- calcium carbonate --- sedimentary model --- composite --- urease --- Amu Darya Basin --- sericin --- aragonite --- ammonia bicarbonate --- capture --- hydrogels --- bacterial extracellular secretion --- MICP --- carbonation --- SEM --- multi-wall carbon nanotubes --- micromechanics --- Lessonia nigrescens --- biomineralization --- Bacillus subtilis --- CO2 --- Sporosarcina pasteurii --- CaCO3 --- mass-transfer coefficient --- hierarchic structure --- main controlling factors --- carbon dioxide --- surface energy --- Callovian-Oxfordian --- contact angle --- potentiometric titration --- xanthan --- cement --- crystallization --- nacre --- reservoir --- electrocrystallization

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This Special Issue is aimed at presenting the state of the art of the multidisciplinary science concerning all aspects of volcanic plumes, of relevance to the volcanology, climatology, atmospheric science, and remote sensing communities.

alginate --- gas diffusion method --- bubble-column scrubber --- X-ray diffraction --- phosphorylated chitin --- calcite --- calcium carbonate --- sedimentary model --- composite --- urease --- Amu Darya Basin --- sericin --- aragonite --- ammonia bicarbonate --- capture --- hydrogels --- bacterial extracellular secretion --- MICP --- carbonation --- SEM --- multi-wall carbon nanotubes --- micromechanics --- Lessonia nigrescens --- biomineralization --- Bacillus subtilis --- CO2 --- Sporosarcina pasteurii --- CaCO3 --- mass-transfer coefficient --- hierarchic structure --- main controlling factors --- carbon dioxide --- surface energy --- Callovian-Oxfordian --- contact angle --- potentiometric titration --- xanthan --- cement --- crystallization --- nacre --- reservoir --- electrocrystallization

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In Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, Benjamin and Karen Foster tell the fascinating story of ancient Mesopotamia from the earliest settlements ten thousand years ago to the Arab conquest in the seventh century. Accessible and concise, this is the most current and authoritative book on the subject. With illustrations of important works of art and architecture in every chapter, the narrative traces the rise and fall of successive civilizations and peoples in Iraq over the course of millennia--from the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians to the Persians, Seleucids, Parthians, and Sassanians. Ancient Iraq was home to remarkable achievements. One of the birthplaces of civilization, it saw the world's earliest cities and empires, writing and literature, science and mathematics, monumental art, and innumerable other innovations. Civilizations of Ancient Iraqgives special attention to these milestones, as well as to political, social, and economic history. And because archaeology is the source of almost everything we know about ancient Iraq, the book includes an epilogue on the discovery and fate of its antiquities. Compelling and timely, Civilizations of Ancient Iraqis an essential guide to understanding Mesopotamia's central role in the development of human culture.

Civilization, Assyro-Babylonian. --- Assyria --- Babylonia --- Iraq --- Antiquities. --- Social life and customs. --- History --- Civilization, Assyro-Babylonian --- Assyro-Babylonian civilization --- Babylonian civilization --- Civilization, Babylonian --- Vavilonii︠a︡ --- Bavel --- Bābil --- Babylonien --- Sumer --- Afghanistan. --- Akkadian literature. --- Alexander the Great. --- Amorites. --- Amu Darya River. --- Annunitum. --- Archimedes screw. --- Assurbanipal. --- Assyriology. --- Babylon, site. --- Balikh River. --- Berlin Museum. --- British Museum. --- Carchemish. --- Chaldaean Catholics. --- Christianity. --- Damascius. --- Eannatum. --- Erlenmeyer Collection. --- Esarhaddon. --- Gaugamela. --- Gnosticism. --- Greek language. --- Hammurabi. --- Hassuna ware. --- Iraq Museum. --- Jeremiah. --- Jesus. --- Julius Caesar. --- Kudur-nahhunte. --- Lachish. --- Manishtusu. --- Nabopolassar. --- accounting. --- astronomy. --- bevel-rimmed bowls. --- caravanserais. --- chronicles. --- decipherment. --- domestication. --- education. --- families. --- fertility. --- frankincense. --- furniture. --- horoscopes. --- iconography. --- kudurrus. --- literacy. --- mathematics. --- minstrels.