Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. They cause deleterious effects on humans, animals, and plants. More than one hundred mycotoxins are known which contaminate food and feed raw materials. Fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination can occur directly in fields (pre-harvest stage), during storage, or during industrial processing (post-harvest stage). Given the proven toxicity of mycotoxins and their widespread distribution, it is necessary to prevent their occurrence in food and feed. To limit mycotoxin contamination, several techniques can be adopted at the pre-harvest or post-harvest stages. These techniques can reduce mycotoxin concentration through fungal growth reduction or mechanisms leading to mycotoxin degradation or mycotoxin detoxification (i.e., reduction of the toxicity). Until very recently, fungicides were favored to limit mycotoxin contamination by reducing fungal growth. Nonetheless, the sanitary and environmental impacts of these products and their effects on food quality encourage the development of alternative strategies based on biocontrol agents (BCAs) or natural compounds. Moreover, in some cases, fungal growth reduction can stimulate mycotoxin production. The focus of this Special Issue of Toxins is to gather the most recent advances related to reducing mycotoxin contamination in food and feed using BCAs and natural compounds. In this context, two main types of approaches can be proposed: Preventive methods that could be applied in the field, during storage, or during industrial processing and curative methods that detoxify contaminated matrices by eliminating the produced mycotoxin.

antimycotoxigenic activity --- Citrullus colocynthis --- Aspergillus flavus --- model system --- HPLC-MS/MS --- fungal-bacterial interactions --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens --- Fusarium graminearum --- Fengycin --- mycotoxins --- Alternaria alternata --- mycotoxin --- alternariol --- essential oil --- cell integrity --- oxidative stress --- Ochratoxin A --- biological control --- Qatari microflora --- Burkholderia cepacia --- thermostability --- antagonistic agents --- in vitro dual culture bioassay --- nutritional competition --- aflatoxin --- atoxigenic strain --- maize --- Serbia --- phenyllactic acid --- biocontrol agent --- T-2 toxin --- F. langsethiae --- F. sporotrichioides --- G. candidum --- mycotoxin. --- fullerol C60(OH)24 --- nanoparticles --- foodborne mycotoxigenic fungi --- secondary metabolism --- Aspergillus spp. --- Fusarium spp. --- Alternaria spp. --- Penicillium spp. --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Essential oils extracted by the distillation or hydrodistillation of aromatic plants are a complex mixture of volatile compounds with several biological activities. Their efficacy as antimicrobial agents is related to the activity of several natural compounds belonging to different chemical families that can act both in synergy with each other and with other antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance detected among pathogens has been quickly increasing in recent years, and the control of some of these microorganisms is becoming a planetary emergency for human and animal health. The control of the microbial growth is a problem of great importance also for the food industry (food deterioration and shelf life extension) and for the world of cultural heritage (indoor and outdoor phenomena of biodeterioration). Essential oils can play an important role in this scenario, due their recognized broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the main subject of this Special Issue includes an essential oil-based approach to control microrganisms in areas such as human and veterinary medicine, entomology, food industry and agriculture. In addition, the chemical composition of essential oils from endemic and rare medicinal/aromatic plants, nanoformulations of essential oils, applications in human and veterinary medicine and its use as animal feeding supplements are topics covered in this Special Issue

Technology: general issues --- extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Essential oils extracted by the distillation or hydrodistillation of aromatic plants are a complex mixture of volatile compounds with several biological activities. Their efficacy as antimicrobial agents is related to the activity of several natural compounds belonging to different chemical families that can act both in synergy with each other and with other antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance detected among pathogens has been quickly increasing in recent years, and the control of some of these microorganisms is becoming a planetary emergency for human and animal health. The control of the microbial growth is a problem of great importance also for the food industry (food deterioration and shelf life extension) and for the world of cultural heritage (indoor and outdoor phenomena of biodeterioration). Essential oils can play an important role in this scenario, due their recognized broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the main subject of this Special Issue includes an essential oil-based approach to control microrganisms in areas such as human and veterinary medicine, entomology, food industry and agriculture. In addition, the chemical composition of essential oils from endemic and rare medicinal/aromatic plants, nanoformulations of essential oils, applications in human and veterinary medicine and its use as animal feeding supplements are topics covered in this Special Issue

Technology: general issues --- extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum --- extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Several of the 17 papers in this volume represent diverse strategies for improving sustainability in crop production systems. The maintenance of soil quality and the reclamation of marginal soils, improving tolerance to saline irrigation water, biodegradable alternatives to black plastic mulch, use of natural plant extracts against bacterial disease, and development of cultivars resistant to herbivorous arthropods address urgent priorities in sustainable systems. Two papers examine the driving forces and effects of adopting innovative agricultural technologies in food value chains in underdeveloped regions of the world, and identification of new Asian vegetable crop species for European environments and markets. Three papers reported on managing fruit set and ripening in important fruit crop species like orange, apple, and plum. Postharvest techniques to reduce disease and maintain fruit nutraceutical content were reported in separate papers. Classification techniques, conservation and utilization of unique plant species, and in vitro propagation techniques of species with potential horticultural value were described in four papers.

grapes --- fruit quality --- SO2 --- Botrytis cinerea --- rots --- fruit drop --- sustainable systems --- fungicides --- Alternaria alternata --- value chain analysis --- innovations --- adaptive lasso --- propensity score matching --- Tanzania --- genetic resistance --- natural allelochemicals --- organic production --- plant defense --- Induced resistance --- polyphenol oxidase --- peroxidase --- plant extract --- bacterial spot --- agronomy --- sustainability --- organic fertilizer --- crop productivity --- soil acidification --- soil organic matter --- pyrolysis --- microbial activity --- health --- aging population --- consumption of fruit and vegetables --- diversification --- market trend --- Korean ginseng sprout --- Ssamchoo --- Peucedanum japonicum --- Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem --- sustainable agriculture --- marketable production --- antioxidant molecules --- mineral content --- strawberry --- weed biomass --- in vitro multiplication --- alpine strawberry --- TDZ --- BA --- IBA --- non-runnering --- shoot explant --- European plum (Prunus domestica L.) --- alternate bearing --- crop load management (CLM) --- mechanical thinning --- reducing chemical input --- circle --- ellipse --- lens --- morphology --- oval --- seed shape --- superellipse --- Cycas --- determinate growth --- dichotomous branch --- isotomous branch --- sexual dimorphism --- Zamia --- Bowenia --- Ceratozamia --- Cycadaceae --- Dioon --- Encephalartos --- leaf element composition --- leaf tissue analysis --- Lepidozamia --- Macrozamia --- Stangeria --- Zamiaceae --- Solanum lycopersicum --- Capsicum annuum --- seedlings --- vegetable nursery --- transplant production --- salinity --- abiotic stress --- plant growth regulators --- GA3 --- anthocyanin --- ascorbic acid --- drying method --- phenol --- phytochemical --- raspberry --- apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) --- colouration --- Envy, Extenday® --- Fuji --- Jazz --- light reflection --- PAL—Phenylalanine-amminia-lyase --- reflective mulch --- shading --- Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. --- rootstocks --- maturation index --- citrus color index --- n/a --- PAL-Phenylalanine-amminia-lyase