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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still associated with high morbidity and mortality incidence rates, and also bears an elevated risk of subsequent chronic kidney disease. Although the kidney has a remarkable capacity for regeneration after injury and may recover completely depending on the type of renal lesions, the options for clinical intervention are restricted to fluid management and extracorporeal kidney support. The development of novel therapies to prevent AKI, to improve renal regeneration capacity after AKI, and to preserve renal function is urgently needed. The Special Issue covers research articles that investigated the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and injury during different renal pathologies, renal regeneration, diagnostics using new biomarkers, and the effects of different stimuli like medication or bacterial components on isolated renal cells or in vivo models. The Special Issue contains important reviews that consider the current knowledge of cell death and regeneration, inflammation, and the molecular mechanisms of kidney diseases. In addition, the potential of cell-based therapy approaches that use mesenchymal stromal/stem cells or their derivates is summarized. This edition is complemented by reviews that deal with the current data situation on other specific topics like diabetes and diabetic nephropathy or new therapeutic targets.

microRNAs --- n/a --- transcription --- ischemia/reperfusion injury --- DSS-colitis --- kidney inflammation --- therapeutics targets --- CXCL13 --- glomerulus --- interleukin-6 --- rhabdomyolysis --- IgA nephropathy --- CREB Regulated Transcriptional Coactivators (CRTC) --- slit diaphragm --- injury --- xanthine oxidase --- Salt Inducible Kinase (SIK) --- acute and chronic kidney disease --- therapeutic target --- KIT-IgA score --- G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) --- lysophosphatidic acid --- glomerular injury --- IL-18 --- mesenchymal stem cells --- Taiwan --- acute kidney injury --- renal ischemia-reperfusion --- long non-coding RNA --- fibrosis --- acute kidney failure --- diabetic kidney diseases --- chronic kidney disease --- lncRNA --- LPS-binding protein --- endotoxemia-induced oliguric kidney injury --- dapagliflozin --- cPLA2 and COX-2 --- NLRP3 inflammasome --- CmklR1 --- haem --- chronic kidney injury --- omega-3 fatty acid --- noninvasive --- inflammation --- regulated necrosis --- GLP-1 receptor agonists --- miRNA --- AKI --- SGLT2 inhibitors --- diabetic kidney disease --- extracellular vesicles --- podocin --- type IV collagen --- epithelial cells --- nephrin --- 2-kidney-1-clip --- renal fibrosis --- papilla --- diagnostics --- necrosis --- non-coding RNAs --- podocyte --- Thy1.1 nephritis --- KIT assay --- oxidative stress --- conditioned medium --- C-reactive protein --- pericyte --- myofibroblast --- Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-?B) --- endotoxemia --- modifier gene --- polymorphism --- renal stem cells --- kidney --- polyploidization --- Class IIa Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) --- 2k1c --- molecular signaling --- proximal tubule --- arachidonic acid --- empagliflozin --- tubular injury --- signaling cascade --- signal transduction --- inflammatory maker --- niches --- biomarkers --- renal progenitors --- type V collagen --- cyclooxygenase --- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis --- inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- allograft rejection --- renovascular hypertension --- genotype --- molecular mechanisms --- ROS --- prediction --- glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) --- alport syndrome --- scattered tubular cells --- long non-coding RNAs --- renal inflammation --- lysophosphatidic acid receptor --- cAMP Regulatory Element Binding Protein (CREB) --- Farnesiferol B --- differentiation --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- modified-MSCs --- kidney transplantation --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- apoptosis --- type I collagen --- diabetes mellitus --- natural products --- lipoxygenase --- stem cell --- T cell-mediated rejection --- exosomes --- renal injury --- obese kidney fibrosis --- kidney injury --- cytotoxicity --- mesenchymal stem cell --- pigment nephropathy --- mesodermal stem cell --- ischemia-reperfusion --- cytochrome P450 --- renal cell carcinoma --- hematuria --- B-cell attracting chemokine --- microRNA --- chemerin --- glomerular basement membrane --- glomerular damage --- renal tubular cells --- kidney proximal tubule --- exosome --- hypertension --- diabetic nephropathy

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Advances in immunosuppression and kidney transplant techniques have led to significant improvements in the short-term survival of the renal allograft. Long-term graft survival, however, has relatively lagged behind and has now become one of the main problems in kidney transplantation. In this Special Issue, we discuss the recent research developments in kidney transplants that may affect long-term allografts, as well as the survival of the patient. The latest developments in living kidney donation are also explored.

Medicine --- malondialdehyde --- oxidative stress --- new-onset diabetes --- renal transplantation --- BK virus --- BK virus nephropathy --- kidney allograft --- transplantation --- Alport syndrome --- children --- autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease --- epidemiology --- hospitalization --- kidney transplantation --- subarachnoid hemorrhage --- malignancy --- post-transplant malignancy --- renal cell carcinoma --- meta-analysis --- systematic reviews --- tacrolimus --- C/D-ratio --- pharmacokinetics --- opportunistic infection --- allograft survival --- urological complications --- ureteric stent --- urinary tract infection --- timing of removal --- living donor --- ethnicity --- age --- obesity --- genetic relationship donor/recipient --- atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome --- eculizumab --- glucose intolerance --- insulin secretion --- insulin resistance --- oral glucose tolerance test --- healthy subject --- hyperchloremia --- kidney graft dysfunction --- living donor kidney transplantation --- Uropathogenic E. coli --- UPEC --- phylogeny --- genomics --- antibiotic resistance --- virulence traits --- night-time renal transplantation --- graft survival --- patient survival/outcome --- surgical complications --- acute rejection --- lymphocyte --- CD45RC --- Belatacept --- cardiovascular high risk --- outcome --- machine perfusion --- organ preservation --- temperature --- hypothermic --- normothermic --- transplant --- proton-pump inhibitors --- iron --- iron deficiency --- polyomavirus --- BKV --- kidney --- glomerulus --- BKVAN --- nephropathy --- fluid management --- delayed graft function --- goal-directed fluid therapy --- calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxcity --- C/D ratio --- tacrolimus metabolism --- ADPKD --- native nephrectomy --- patient outcome --- perioperative complications --- epidermal growth factor --- creatinine --- graft failure --- renal transplantation. --- new onset diabetes after renal transplantation --- single nucleotide polymorphisms --- n/a --- urinary biomarkers --- α-GST --- π-GST --- nephrotoxicity --- urinary excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide --- mortality --- niacin status --- dietary intake --- tryptophan --- vitamin B3 --- Kidney transplant --- vitamin C --- cancer mortality --- oxidative stress. --- mycophenolic acid --- immunosuppression --- plasmapheresis --- oxalate --- hyperoxaluria --- kidney transplant recipients --- post-transplantation diabetes mellitus --- all-cause mortality --- cardiovascular mortality --- infectious mortality --- magnesium --- hypomagnesaemia --- cancer --- kidney transplant --- survival --- living kidney donation --- living-donor kidney transplantation --- beliefs --- inequity --- ischemia reperfusion injury --- innate immune system --- adaptive immune system --- apoptosis --- necrosis --- hypoxic inducible factor --- endothelial dysfunction --- proton pump inhibitor --- transplant rejection --- GFR --- insulin-like growth factor 1 --- growth hormone --- muscle mass --- patient survival --- physical activity --- renal transplant recipients --- kidney transplant (KT) --- donor-specific antibodies (DSA) --- C3d-binding assay --- antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) --- arsenic --- diet --- fish consumption --- post-transplant diabetes mellitus --- N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide --- N1-methylnicotinamide --- urinary excretion --- kidney function --- biomarker --- branched chain amino acids --- posttransplant diarrhea --- methanogenesis --- Methanosphaera stadtmanae --- mucins --- sulfate-reducing bacteria --- acute humoral rejection --- first-line therapy --- outcomes --- proteasome inhibitor --- renal transplant --- transplant recipients --- calcineurin inhibitors --- FK506 --- pharmacokinetic --- fast tacrolimus metabolizers

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Advances in immunosuppression and kidney transplant techniques have led to significant improvements in the short-term survival of the renal allograft. Long-term graft survival, however, has relatively lagged behind and has now become one of the main problems in kidney transplantation. In this Special Issue, we discuss the recent research developments in kidney transplants that may affect long-term allografts, as well as the survival of the patient. The latest developments in living kidney donation are also explored.

malondialdehyde --- oxidative stress --- new-onset diabetes --- renal transplantation --- BK virus --- BK virus nephropathy --- kidney allograft --- transplantation --- Alport syndrome --- children --- autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease --- epidemiology --- hospitalization --- kidney transplantation --- subarachnoid hemorrhage --- malignancy --- post-transplant malignancy --- renal cell carcinoma --- meta-analysis --- systematic reviews --- tacrolimus --- C/D-ratio --- pharmacokinetics --- opportunistic infection --- allograft survival --- urological complications --- ureteric stent --- urinary tract infection --- timing of removal --- living donor --- ethnicity --- age --- obesity --- genetic relationship donor/recipient --- atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome --- eculizumab --- glucose intolerance --- insulin secretion --- insulin resistance --- oral glucose tolerance test --- healthy subject --- hyperchloremia --- kidney graft dysfunction --- living donor kidney transplantation --- Uropathogenic E. coli --- UPEC --- phylogeny --- genomics --- antibiotic resistance --- virulence traits --- night-time renal transplantation --- graft survival --- patient survival/outcome --- surgical complications --- acute rejection --- lymphocyte --- CD45RC --- Belatacept --- cardiovascular high risk --- outcome --- machine perfusion --- organ preservation --- temperature --- hypothermic --- normothermic --- transplant --- proton-pump inhibitors --- iron --- iron deficiency --- polyomavirus --- BKV --- kidney --- glomerulus --- BKVAN --- nephropathy --- fluid management --- delayed graft function --- goal-directed fluid therapy --- calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxcity --- C/D ratio --- tacrolimus metabolism --- ADPKD --- native nephrectomy --- patient outcome --- perioperative complications --- epidermal growth factor --- creatinine --- graft failure --- renal transplantation. --- new onset diabetes after renal transplantation --- single nucleotide polymorphisms --- n/a --- urinary biomarkers --- α-GST --- π-GST --- nephrotoxicity --- urinary excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide --- mortality --- niacin status --- dietary intake --- tryptophan --- vitamin B3 --- Kidney transplant --- vitamin C --- cancer mortality --- oxidative stress. --- mycophenolic acid --- immunosuppression --- plasmapheresis --- oxalate --- hyperoxaluria --- kidney transplant recipients --- post-transplantation diabetes mellitus --- all-cause mortality --- cardiovascular mortality --- infectious mortality --- magnesium --- hypomagnesaemia --- cancer --- kidney transplant --- survival --- living kidney donation --- living-donor kidney transplantation --- beliefs --- inequity --- ischemia reperfusion injury --- innate immune system --- adaptive immune system --- apoptosis --- necrosis --- hypoxic inducible factor --- endothelial dysfunction --- proton pump inhibitor --- transplant rejection --- GFR --- insulin-like growth factor 1 --- growth hormone --- muscle mass --- patient survival --- physical activity --- renal transplant recipients --- kidney transplant (KT) --- donor-specific antibodies (DSA) --- C3d-binding assay --- antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) --- arsenic --- diet --- fish consumption --- post-transplant diabetes mellitus --- N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide --- N1-methylnicotinamide --- urinary excretion --- kidney function --- biomarker --- branched chain amino acids --- posttransplant diarrhea --- methanogenesis --- Methanosphaera stadtmanae --- mucins --- sulfate-reducing bacteria --- acute humoral rejection --- first-line therapy --- outcomes --- proteasome inhibitor --- renal transplant --- transplant recipients --- calcineurin inhibitors --- FK506 --- pharmacokinetic --- fast tacrolimus metabolizers

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• Reference Manager
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Advances in immunosuppression and kidney transplant techniques have led to significant improvements in the short-term survival of the renal allograft. Long-term graft survival, however, has relatively lagged behind and has now become one of the main problems in kidney transplantation. In this Special Issue, we discuss the recent research developments in kidney transplants that may affect long-term allografts, as well as the survival of the patient. The latest developments in living kidney donation are also explored.

Medicine --- malondialdehyde --- oxidative stress --- new-onset diabetes --- renal transplantation --- BK virus --- BK virus nephropathy --- kidney allograft --- transplantation --- Alport syndrome --- children --- autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease --- epidemiology --- hospitalization --- kidney transplantation --- subarachnoid hemorrhage --- malignancy --- post-transplant malignancy --- renal cell carcinoma --- meta-analysis --- systematic reviews --- tacrolimus --- C/D-ratio --- pharmacokinetics --- opportunistic infection --- allograft survival --- urological complications --- ureteric stent --- urinary tract infection --- timing of removal --- living donor --- ethnicity --- age --- obesity --- genetic relationship donor/recipient --- atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome --- eculizumab --- glucose intolerance --- insulin secretion --- insulin resistance --- oral glucose tolerance test --- healthy subject --- hyperchloremia --- kidney graft dysfunction --- living donor kidney transplantation --- Uropathogenic E. coli --- UPEC --- phylogeny --- genomics --- antibiotic resistance --- virulence traits --- night-time renal transplantation --- graft survival --- patient survival/outcome --- surgical complications --- acute rejection --- lymphocyte --- CD45RC --- Belatacept --- cardiovascular high risk --- outcome --- machine perfusion --- organ preservation --- temperature --- hypothermic --- normothermic --- transplant --- proton-pump inhibitors --- iron --- iron deficiency --- polyomavirus --- BKV --- kidney --- glomerulus --- BKVAN --- nephropathy --- fluid management --- delayed graft function --- goal-directed fluid therapy --- calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxcity --- C/D ratio --- tacrolimus metabolism --- ADPKD --- native nephrectomy --- patient outcome --- perioperative complications --- epidermal growth factor --- creatinine --- graft failure --- renal transplantation. --- new onset diabetes after renal transplantation --- single nucleotide polymorphisms --- urinary biomarkers --- α-GST --- π-GST --- nephrotoxicity --- urinary excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide --- mortality --- niacin status --- dietary intake --- tryptophan --- vitamin B3 --- Kidney transplant --- vitamin C --- cancer mortality --- oxidative stress. --- mycophenolic acid --- immunosuppression --- plasmapheresis --- oxalate --- hyperoxaluria --- kidney transplant recipients --- post-transplantation diabetes mellitus --- all-cause mortality --- cardiovascular mortality --- infectious mortality --- magnesium --- hypomagnesaemia --- cancer --- kidney transplant --- survival --- living kidney donation --- living-donor kidney transplantation --- beliefs --- inequity --- ischemia reperfusion injury --- innate immune system --- adaptive immune system --- apoptosis --- necrosis --- hypoxic inducible factor --- endothelial dysfunction --- proton pump inhibitor --- transplant rejection --- GFR --- insulin-like growth factor 1 --- growth hormone --- muscle mass --- patient survival --- physical activity --- renal transplant recipients --- kidney transplant (KT) --- donor-specific antibodies (DSA) --- C3d-binding assay --- antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) --- arsenic --- diet --- fish consumption --- post-transplant diabetes mellitus --- N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide --- N1-methylnicotinamide --- urinary excretion --- kidney function --- biomarker --- branched chain amino acids --- posttransplant diarrhea --- methanogenesis --- Methanosphaera stadtmanae --- mucins --- sulfate-reducing bacteria --- acute humoral rejection --- first-line therapy --- outcomes --- proteasome inhibitor --- renal transplant --- transplant recipients --- calcineurin inhibitors --- FK506 --- pharmacokinetic --- fast tacrolimus metabolizers --- malondialdehyde --- oxidative stress --- new-onset diabetes --- renal transplantation --- BK virus --- BK virus nephropathy --- kidney allograft --- transplantation --- Alport syndrome --- children --- autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease --- epidemiology --- hospitalization --- kidney transplantation --- subarachnoid hemorrhage --- malignancy --- post-transplant malignancy --- renal cell carcinoma --- meta-analysis --- systematic reviews --- tacrolimus --- C/D-ratio --- pharmacokinetics --- opportunistic infection --- allograft survival --- urological complications --- ureteric stent --- urinary tract infection --- timing of removal --- living donor --- ethnicity --- age --- obesity --- genetic relationship donor/recipient --- atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome --- eculizumab --- glucose intolerance --- insulin secretion --- insulin resistance --- oral glucose tolerance test --- healthy subject --- hyperchloremia --- kidney graft dysfunction --- living donor kidney transplantation --- Uropathogenic E. coli --- UPEC --- phylogeny --- genomics --- antibiotic resistance --- virulence traits --- night-time renal transplantation --- graft survival --- patient survival/outcome --- surgical complications --- acute rejection --- lymphocyte --- CD45RC --- Belatacept --- cardiovascular high risk --- outcome --- machine perfusion --- organ preservation --- temperature --- hypothermic --- normothermic --- transplant --- proton-pump inhibitors --- iron --- iron deficiency --- polyomavirus --- BKV --- kidney --- glomerulus --- BKVAN --- nephropathy --- fluid management --- delayed graft function --- goal-directed fluid therapy --- calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxcity --- C/D ratio --- tacrolimus metabolism --- ADPKD --- native nephrectomy --- patient outcome --- perioperative complications --- epidermal growth factor --- creatinine --- graft failure --- renal transplantation. --- new onset diabetes after renal transplantation --- single nucleotide polymorphisms --- urinary biomarkers --- α-GST --- π-GST --- nephrotoxicity --- urinary excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide --- mortality --- niacin status --- dietary intake --- tryptophan --- vitamin B3 --- Kidney transplant --- vitamin C --- cancer mortality --- oxidative stress. --- mycophenolic acid --- immunosuppression --- plasmapheresis --- oxalate --- hyperoxaluria --- kidney transplant recipients --- post-transplantation diabetes mellitus --- all-cause mortality --- cardiovascular mortality --- infectious mortality --- magnesium --- hypomagnesaemia --- cancer --- kidney transplant --- survival --- living kidney donation --- living-donor kidney transplantation --- beliefs --- inequity --- ischemia reperfusion injury --- innate immune system --- adaptive immune system --- apoptosis --- necrosis --- hypoxic inducible factor --- endothelial dysfunction --- proton pump inhibitor --- transplant rejection --- GFR --- insulin-like growth factor 1 --- growth hormone --- muscle mass --- patient survival --- physical activity --- renal transplant recipients --- kidney transplant (KT) --- donor-specific antibodies (DSA) --- C3d-binding assay --- antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) --- arsenic --- diet --- fish consumption --- post-transplant diabetes mellitus --- N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide --- N1-methylnicotinamide --- urinary excretion --- kidney function --- biomarker --- branched chain amino acids --- posttransplant diarrhea --- methanogenesis --- Methanosphaera stadtmanae --- mucins --- sulfate-reducing bacteria --- acute humoral rejection --- first-line therapy --- outcomes --- proteasome inhibitor --- renal transplant --- transplant recipients --- calcineurin inhibitors --- FK506 --- pharmacokinetic --- fast tacrolimus metabolizers