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Understanding and predicting species diversity in ecological communities is one of the great challenges in community ecology. Popular recent theory contends that the traits of species are "neutral" or unimportant to coexistence, yet abundant experimental evidence suggests that multiple species are able to coexist on the same limiting resource precisely because they differ in key traits, such as body size, diet, and resource demand. This book presents a new theory of coexistence that incorporates two important aspects of biodiversity in nature--scale and spatial variation in the supply of limiting resources. Introducing an innovative model that uses fractal geometry to describe the complex physical structure of nature, Mark Ritchie shows how species traits, particularly body size, lead to spatial patterns of resource use that allow species to coexist. He explains how this criterion for coexistence can be converted into a "rule" for how many species can be "packed" into an environment given the supply of resources and their spatial variability. He then demonstrates how this rule can be used to predict a range of patterns in ecological communities, such as body-size distributions, species-abundance distributions, and species-area relations. Ritchie illustrates how the predictions closely match data from many real communities, including those of mammalian herbivores, grasshoppers, dung beetles, and birds. This book offers a compelling alternative to "neutral" theory in community ecology, one that helps us better understand patterns of biodiversity across the Earth.

Animal population density. --- Biotic communities. --- Biodiversity. --- Ecological heterogeneity. --- Animal populations --- Density, Animal population --- Population density, Animal --- Population biology --- Zoogeography --- Allee effect --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Heterogeneity, Ecological --- Biodiversity --- Fragmented landscapes --- Density

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This major reference is an overview of the current state of theoretical ecology through a series of topical entries centered on both ecological and statistical themes. Coverage ranges across scales-from the physiological, to populations, landscapes, and ecosystems. Entries provide an introduction to broad fields such as Applied Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, Computational Ecology, Ecosystem Ecology, Epidemiology and Epidemic Modeling, Population Ecology, Spatial Ecology and Statistics in Ecology. Others provide greater specificity and depth, including discussions on the Allee effect, ordinary differential equations, and ecosystem services. Descriptions of modern statistical and modeling approaches and how they contributed to advances in theoretical ecology are also included. Succinct, uncompromising, and authoritative-a "must have" for those interested in the use of theory in the ecological sciences.

Ecology --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- allee effect. --- animal biology. --- animals and ecosystems. --- applied ecology. --- behavioral ecology. --- biodiversity. --- biology major books. --- biology reference. --- climate change. --- computational ecology. --- ecological sciences. --- ecology reference. --- ecology textbook. --- ecosystem ecology. --- environmental conservation. --- environmental protection. --- epidemic modeling. --- epidemiology. --- going green. --- marine biology. --- population ecology. --- science and ecosystems. --- science textbook. --- scientific reference. --- scientists. --- spatial ecology. --- statistics and ecology.

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This Special Issue includes 12 high-quality articles containing original research findings in the fields of differential and integro-differential models, numerical methods and efficient algorithms for parameter estimation in inverse problems, with applications to biology, biomedicine, land degradation, traffic flows problems, and manufacturing systems.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- conservation laws --- feedback stabilization --- input-to-state stability --- numerical approximations --- nonlocal velocity --- macroscopic models --- traffic data --- gap analysis --- multi-phase models --- Volterra integral equations --- asymptotic-preserving --- numerical stability --- Cellular Potts model --- cell migration --- nucleus deformation --- microchannel device --- regularization theory --- multivariate stochastic processes --- cross-power spectrum --- magnetoencephalography --- MEG --- functional connectivity --- spectral complexity --- soil organic carbon --- RothC --- non-standard integrators --- Exponential Rosenbrock–Euler --- langevin equation --- Mean Field Games system --- kinetic Fokker–Planck equation --- hypoelliptic operators --- Caputo fractional derivative --- Allee effect --- existence and stability --- Hopf bifurcation --- implicit schemes --- optimal design --- soft tissue mechanics --- mutual information --- biaxial experiment --- inverse problems --- information theory --- LWR model --- follow-the-leader model --- phase transition --- creeping --- seepage --- fundamental diagram --- lane discipline --- networks --- aggregation equation --- relaxation limit --- scalar conservation law --- finite volume scheme --- differential equations --- mathematical biology --- microfluidic chip --- applied mathematics --- numerical methods --- computational mathematics --- differential and integro-differential models

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• Reference Manager
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This Special Issue includes 12 high-quality articles containing original research findings in the fields of differential and integro-differential models, numerical methods and efficient algorithms for parameter estimation in inverse problems, with applications to biology, biomedicine, land degradation, traffic flows problems, and manufacturing systems.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- conservation laws --- feedback stabilization --- input-to-state stability --- numerical approximations --- nonlocal velocity --- macroscopic models --- traffic data --- gap analysis --- multi-phase models --- Volterra integral equations --- asymptotic-preserving --- numerical stability --- Cellular Potts model --- cell migration --- nucleus deformation --- microchannel device --- regularization theory --- multivariate stochastic processes --- cross-power spectrum --- magnetoencephalography --- MEG --- functional connectivity --- spectral complexity --- soil organic carbon --- RothC --- non-standard integrators --- Exponential Rosenbrock–Euler --- langevin equation --- Mean Field Games system --- kinetic Fokker–Planck equation --- hypoelliptic operators --- Caputo fractional derivative --- Allee effect --- existence and stability --- Hopf bifurcation --- implicit schemes --- optimal design --- soft tissue mechanics --- mutual information --- biaxial experiment --- inverse problems --- information theory --- LWR model --- follow-the-leader model --- phase transition --- creeping --- seepage --- fundamental diagram --- lane discipline --- networks --- aggregation equation --- relaxation limit --- scalar conservation law --- finite volume scheme --- differential equations --- mathematical biology --- microfluidic chip --- applied mathematics --- numerical methods --- computational mathematics --- differential and integro-differential models --- conservation laws --- feedback stabilization --- input-to-state stability --- numerical approximations --- nonlocal velocity --- macroscopic models --- traffic data --- gap analysis --- multi-phase models --- Volterra integral equations --- asymptotic-preserving --- numerical stability --- Cellular Potts model --- cell migration --- nucleus deformation --- microchannel device --- regularization theory --- multivariate stochastic processes --- cross-power spectrum --- magnetoencephalography --- MEG --- functional connectivity --- spectral complexity --- soil organic carbon --- RothC --- non-standard integrators --- Exponential Rosenbrock–Euler --- langevin equation --- Mean Field Games system --- kinetic Fokker–Planck equation --- hypoelliptic operators --- Caputo fractional derivative --- Allee effect --- existence and stability --- Hopf bifurcation --- implicit schemes --- optimal design --- soft tissue mechanics --- mutual information --- biaxial experiment --- inverse problems --- information theory --- LWR model --- follow-the-leader model --- phase transition --- creeping --- seepage --- fundamental diagram --- lane discipline --- networks --- aggregation equation --- relaxation limit --- scalar conservation law --- finite volume scheme --- differential equations --- mathematical biology --- microfluidic chip --- applied mathematics --- numerical methods --- computational mathematics --- differential and integro-differential models