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Aid to families with dependent children programs --- California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (Program) --- ADC programs --- AFDC programs --- Aid to dependent children programs --- Public welfare --- CalWORKS

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Aid to families with dependent children programs -- United States -- Psychological aspects. --- Child development -- United States. --- Aid to families with dependent children programs --- Child development --- Social Welfare & Social Work - General --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Psychological aspects --- Psychological aspects. --- ADC programs --- AFDC programs --- Aid to dependent children programs --- Public welfare

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In 2004, the California legislature passed a bill that tightened the participation requirement for California?s welfare program, the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids program (CalWORKs) and mandated a study of CalWORKs sanction policy for participant noncompliance in the welfare-to-work program. RAND was asked by the California Department of Social Services to carry out this study. Researchers found that county welfare caseworkers? implementation of the state?s statutory sanction policy makes the sanctions weaker in practice than might have been expected given stated policy

Aid to families with dependent children programs --- Welfare recipients --- Fines (Penalties) --- California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (Program) --- Penalties (Criminal law) --- Public welfare recipients --- ADC programs --- AFDC programs --- Aid to dependent children programs --- Law and legislation --- CalWORKS --- Alternatives to imprisonment --- Civil penalties --- Poor --- Public welfare

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Backlash against Welfare Mothers is a forceful examination of how and why a state-level revolt against welfare, begun in the late 1940's, was transformed into a national-level assault that destroyed a critical part of the nation's safety net, with tragic consequences for American society. With a wealth of original research, Ellen Reese puts recent debates about the contemporary welfare backlash into historical perspective. She provides a closer look at these early antiwelfare campaigns, showing why they were more successful in some states than others and how opponents of welfare sometimes targeted Puerto Ricans and Chicanos as well as blacks for cutbacks. Her research reveals both the continuities and changes in American welfare opposition from the late 1940's to the present. Reese brings new evidence to light that reveals how large farmers and racist politicians, concerned about the supply of cheap labor, appealed to white voters' racial resentments and stereotypes about unwed mothers, blacks, and immigrants in the 1950's. She then examines congressional failure to replace the current welfare system with a more popular alternative in the 1960's and 1970's, which paved the way for national assaults on welfare. Taking a fresh look at recent debates on welfare reform, she explores how and why politicians competing for the white vote and right-wing think tanks promoting business interests appeased the Christian right and manufactured consent for cutbacks through a powerful, racially coded discourse. Finally, through firsthand testimonies, Reese vividly portrays the tragic consequences of current welfare policies and calls for a bold new agenda for working families.

Single mothers --- Aid to families with dependent children programs. --- Welfare recipients --- Public welfare --- Mothers --- Single parents --- Single women --- ADC programs --- AFDC programs --- Aid to dependent children programs --- Government policy --- Employment --- History. --- United States --- Social policy. --- 1940s. --- 20th century. --- african americans. --- america. --- american society. --- american welfare. --- antiwelfare campaigns. --- black americans. --- chicanos. --- contemporary america. --- demographic studies. --- ethnographers. --- ethnography. --- historical perspective. --- low income families. --- motherhood. --- mothers. --- nonfiction. --- parenting. --- political history. --- politicians. --- puerto ricans. --- racism. --- safety net. --- welfare culture. --- welfare history. --- welfare opposition. --- welfare policies. --- welfare system. --- working class families.

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Three Worlds of Relief examines the role of race and immigration in the development of the American social welfare system by comparing how blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants were treated by welfare policies during the Progressive Era and the New Deal. Taking readers from the turn of the twentieth century to the dark days of the Depression, Cybelle Fox finds that, despite rampant nativism, European immigrants received generous access to social welfare programs. The communities in which they lived invested heavily in relief. Social workers protected them from snooping immigration agents, and ensured that non-citizenship and illegal status did not prevent them from receiving the assistance they needed. But that same helping hand was not extended to Mexicans and blacks. Fox reveals, for example, how blacks were relegated to racist and degrading public assistance programs, while Mexicans who asked for assistance were deported with the help of the very social workers they turned to for aid. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence, Fox paints a riveting portrait of how race, labor, and politics combined to create three starkly different worlds of relief. She debunks the myth that white America's immigrant ancestors pulled themselves up by their bootstraps, unlike immigrants and minorities today. Three Worlds of Relief challenges us to reconsider not only the historical record but also the implications of our past on contemporary debates about race, immigration, and the American welfare state.

Welfare state --- Immigrants --- State, Welfare --- Economic policy --- Public welfare --- Social policy --- State, The --- Welfare economics --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- History --- Government policy --- Social conditions --- United States --- Race relations --- Immigrants - United States - Social conditions - 20th century --- Immigrants - Government policy - United States - History - 20th century --- Welfare state - United States - History - 20th century --- United States - Race relations - History - 20th century --- Aid to Dependent Children. --- American social welfare. --- American taxpayers. --- American welfare state. --- Americanization. --- Civil Works Administration. --- Civilian Conservation Corps. --- European immigrants. --- Federal Emergency Relief Administration. --- Great Depression. --- Immigration Service. --- Mexican dependency. --- Mexican immigrants. --- Mexican non-citizens. --- New Deal. --- Old Age Assistance. --- Progressive Era. --- Public Works Administration. --- Social Security Act. --- Unemployment Insurance. --- Works Progress Administration. --- black immigrants. --- charity funds. --- citizenship restrictions. --- citizenship. --- dependent aliens. --- deportable aliens. --- deportation laws. --- discrimination. --- economic assimilation. --- economic burden. --- federal immigration. --- illegal aliens. --- immigration laws. --- immigration. --- labor market. --- labor. --- legal status restrictions. --- mass-removal programs. --- means-tested programs. --- national origin "as. --- nativism. --- naturalization. --- non-citizenship. --- northern relief system. --- political systems. --- politics. --- private donations. --- public funding. --- race. --- racial assimilation. --- racial discrimination. --- racial patterning. --- raids. --- regional political economies. --- regional variations. --- relief agencies. --- relief assistance. --- relief officials. --- relief policies. --- relief provision. --- relief services. --- relief systems. --- relief. --- repatriation programs. --- social burden. --- social citizenship. --- social insurance programs. --- social position. --- social welfare system. --- social welfare. --- social workers. --- socioeconomic mobility. --- southwestern relief system. --- welfare state development. --- welfare state. --- dependent noncitizens. --- noncitizens.