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Agricultural productivity and efficiency in Russia and Ukraine : building on a decade of reform
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Year: 2002 Publisher: [Washington, DC] : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,

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Food Security Challenges and Approaches
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ISBN: 1803569425 Year: 2023 Publisher: London : IntechOpen,

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Food security and accessibility are being threatened by climate change, inadequate agricultural practices, and poor post-harvest techniques, among other factors. This book discusses sustainable approaches that can be utilized to ensure food security, such as fortification of bioactive components, genetic modification of food, and utilization of insects as food. It also describes practices to improve agricultural productivity and discusses the impact of natural disasters on food security.

Regional productivity growth in China's agriculture
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ISBN: 9780813379890 081337989X Year: 1990 Publisher: Boulder, Colo.: Westview press,

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Agricultural Products Processing and Postharvest Storage
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Year: 2023 Publisher: Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,

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Agricultural products such as fruit, vegetables, and cereal are believed to be some of the most crucial sources of certain phytonutrients necessary for humans, such as vitamins, dietary fibers, and minerals. However, agricultural products are prone to quality deterioration during storage under ambient temperatures. Currently, the annual post-harvest loss rate of agricultural products can reach up to 20-30%. Owing to their perishable nature, the development of processing and preservation technologies for agricultural products is an important research topic closely associated with the national economy and people's livelihoods that has attracted ever-increasing attention. In view of the prominent issues of high energy consumption, high costs, serious pollution, and low-quality properties in agricultural product manufacturing, our journal mainly focuses on research articles on novel techniques and the underlying mechanisms of the processing, preservation, and quality control of agricultural products, so as to promote the upgrading and updating of the agricultural product industry.


Book
Trading Places : Fundamentals, Speculation, and Information in US Corn Markets
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Year: 2023 Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] : World Bank,

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What explains the surge and plunge commodity markets have undergone in the past 20 years Are speculators to be blamed Do prices reflect full information These are the main questions addressed in this paper, in the context of the corn market. This paper formulates and calibrates two quantitative models of corn prices formation. The first model is designed to explain prices in the long run (annual frequency), while the second model applies to prices in the short run (quarterly frequency). For the long-run analysis, the paper finds that deviations of theoretical prices from observed ones are very small after 1996, and before 1996 they can be explained by government intervention. For the short-run analysis, the model is designed to mimic the typical seasonality seen in agricultural markets, incorporate supply and demand shocks as well as news shocks, and allows for speculative storage decisions. The paper finds that demand and supply fundamentals can account for around 52 percent of past price changes from 1975 to 2016. The model also estimates the impact of information shocks to explain an additional 18 percent of quarterly deviations. Finally, it finds that at least 30 percent of short-run price changes seem to have explanations other than supply or demand fundamentals or information, demonstrating that when analyzing quarterly data, prices do not always closely track fundamentals.


Book
Education, Information, and Efficiency
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Year: 1973 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research

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This represents two chapters of a proposed book co-authored by Bob Evenson and myself. The subject is relationships between agricultural productivity, research and information. The first chapter of this part is concerned with the "theory" of the value of information. Among other things, the Bayesian learning model is used as a vehicle for describing optimal learning from experience. The second chapter presents results for a number of empirical studies concerned with relationships between education and allocative efficiency. Section I is reprinted from my J.P.E. paper "Education in Production". Section II is the "Scale Economy" paper of mine which has existed in various unpublished versions for two years now. The final section summarizes recent discussions by Wallace Huffman (Chicago), Nabil Khaloi (SMU) and Charles Fane (Harvard).


Book
Making Agriculture Work for the Poor in Timor-Leste
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Year: 2019 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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About 80 percent of the poor households in Timor-Leste live in rural areas and are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. It is therefore widely acknowledged that growth in the agriculture sector is an important channel through which poverty can be reduced in the country. That notwithstanding, the country's agricultural production system is one of the least developed in the world and all subsectors are dominated by subsistence systems and by farmers who are very risk averse. Agricultural productivity in the country is also well below that of other small island developing states and has fallen below the average for other low-income, food-deficit countries in recent years making the sector underperform in terms of its contribution to food security, sufficient livelihood, and overall economic growth. Using data from the 2007 and 2014 of the Timor-Leste Survey of Living Standards, the note provides insight into the extent to which increases in agricultural productivity can contribute to poverty reduction, including assessing the drivers of, and identifying the constraints to, increasing agricultural productivity in the country. The note finds that improvements in agricultural productivity reduce the probability of being poor among agricultural households. Yet, improving productivity goes beyond the confines of raising yield or decreasing cost to include enhancing food quality and promoting higher value products. to do so, the following factors ought to be considered: facilitation of mechanization, improvement in the use of chemical (fertilizer, pesticides, and herbicides) inputs, enhancement in access to credit and extension, encouragement to farmers to join farmer groups, expansion of the commercialization of farm produce, and reduction in the gender gap in agricultural productivity. Investment in the sector can be improved by allocating the limited public funds more strategically and better correspond with local poverty. The findings from this study contribute to existing evidence pertinent to guide how agricultural policy can effectively help reducing poverty in the country.


Book
Exploring the Potential of Agriculture in the Western Balkans : A Regional Report.
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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This report aligns to the framework of structural transformation to identify opportunities for development in the agriculture sector in the Western Balkans, while also exploring patterns of trade and factors for improving agricultural competitiveness in the region. to build a pathway to modernization and to accelerate the agricultural transformation in the Western Balkans, the linkages between production, access to markets and trade flows need to be better understood. Focused strategies and interventions can improve the competitiveness of the agri-food sector, with wide-ranging impacts on food and nutrition security, export revenues and, ultimately, on domestic jobs and economic growth. The report provides a regional perspective on the challenges and opportunities for the sector. It builds on information from a variety of sources and own analytical work to address these knowledge gaps and support the dialogue on the transformation of agriculture into a modern and competitive sector in the region. to the extent possible, depending on data availability, country-specific inferences are also provided to guide country-specific directions for improving the productivity and competitiveness of the sector. The report explores the structural dynamics of the sector rather than EU pre-accession options. There is a wealth of information on the challenges and opportunities for agriculture in the context of EU pre-accession, both in terms of instruments and measures, as well as in terms of policy and resources. The value added of this report is the focus on structural dynamics, productivity patterns and their drivers, as well as multiplier effects and determinants of agricultural competitiveness in the region. These are explored from the perspective of pathways for change to accelerate the structural transformation of the sector and increase its competitiveness.


Book
Farming is not big gardening : a story about modern production agriculture in the United States
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ISBN: 152753457X Year: 2019 Publisher: Newcastle Upon Tyne, England : Cambridge Scholars Publishing,

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Agricultural Production and Transport Connectivity: : Evidence from Mozambique
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Despite the richness of the existing literature, it remains a challenge to find rigorous evidence of the impacts of transport connectivity on agricultural production. The paper aims at contributing to the prolonged debate on the transport-agriculture nexus in Africa, by taking advantage of the unique circumstances in Mozambique where the government intensively invested in road infrastructure during a relatively short period of time in the 2010s. With the highly disaggregated location-specific fixed-effects and instrumental variable technique used to control for the endogeneity issue, the paper shows that the improved road connectivity increased agricultural production significantly. In particular, access to domestic markets is found to be important. It is also found that agricultural production exhibits decreasing returns to scale, heavily depending on land input.

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