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James Ward (1843-1925) was Professor of Mental Philosophy and Logic at the University of Cambridge. First published in 1899, this two-volume work consists of his Gifford Lectures, delivered between 1896 and 1898, in which he criticises Naturalism (the belief that all phenomena are governed by the laws of science, and that the supernatural cannot exist), and Agnosticism (the belief that the existence of spiritual phenomena cannot be proved or disproved), in favour of Idealism, in which spiritual and non-material phenomena are central to human experience. The lectures in Volume 2 oppose dualist defences of the Mechanical Theory, which claim that the mind is distinct from physical objects. Ward ultimately argues for a monistic Idealist view, in which consciousness and the physical world are inseparable. He also claims that because Naturalism is so easily refuted, it actually promotes Idealism, in an argument that continues to evoke philosophical debate.
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Agnosticism. --- Agnosticisme. --- God --- agnosticism. --- Being and attributes.
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God. --- Agnosticism. --- Dieu --- Agnosticisme
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Agnosticisme --- Dieu --- Agnosticism --- God
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Agnosticisme --- Dieu --- Agnosticism --- God
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Christianity --- Atheism. --- Agnosticism.
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Agnosticism --- Apologetics --- Atheism
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The Agnostic Stance is a sustained defence of agnosticism as a serious alternative to both metaphysical realism and anti-realism. Metaphysical realists and anti-realists give competing answers to the question of whether truth and reality transcend what we can know or think. The agnostic, by contrast, denies that we are in a position to know how to answer this question. First it is shown how this epistemic reservation can be understood to involve more than merely a temporary suspension of judgement, without thereby collapsing into a form of scepticism inconsistent with the possibility of future knowledge. Then it is argued in detail that agnosticism, as thus understood, fares much better than its realist and anti-realist competitors when it comes to the question about the limits of our thought and knowledge. In pursuing this aim, The Agnostic Stance covers a wide range of topics in general epistemology, the metaphysics of mind and the philosophy of logic and Language.
Agnosticism. --- Logic. --- Realism.
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