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The allocation of production across firms is a potentially important explanation of the productivity gap between rich and poor economies. Reforms to trade policy and the domestic financial sector are often both key elements of policy packages aimed at reducing productive distortions. However, the impact of each reform in reallocating production within an economy is usually analyzed independently. This paper asks how do such general equilibrium effects of trade and domestic financial sector reforms interact in terms of their effects on productivity, wages and utility. Motivated by recent firm-level studies, I add two-way linkages between firms' production and exporting decisions and their financial constraints to a general equilibrium heterogeneous firm trade model. The interaction effects between reforms appear qualitatively important. Trade and domestic financial sector reforms have complementary effects on the average productivity and size of domestic producers. However, if much reallocative work has already been done through a well-functioning financial sector, the marginal benefits of trade liberalisation for wages and household utility are reduced. Improvements in the ability to use exports as pledgeable collateral enhance both the wage and productivity effects of trade reforms. The model also highlights the potential for financial sector reforms in one economy to be exported via the trade channel, affecting decisions to produce or export in the foreign economy and putting downward pressure on foreign real wages.

Access to Finance --- Agency problems --- Average productivity --- Debt Markets --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Equilibrium --- Exports --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Sector --- Industrial economies --- International trade --- Labor Policies --- Liquidity --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Marginal benefits --- Marginal products --- Political economy --- Positive effects --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Social Protections and Labor --- Total factor productivity --- Trade liberalization --- Trade policy --- Trade reforms --- Transition economies --- Value added --- Wages

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The allocation of production across firms is a potentially important explanation of the productivity gap between rich and poor economies. Reforms to trade policy and the domestic financial sector are often both key elements of policy packages aimed at reducing productive distortions. However, the impact of each reform in reallocating production within an economy is usually analyzed independently. This paper asks how do such general equilibrium effects of trade and domestic financial sector reforms interact in terms of their effects on productivity, wages and utility. Motivated by recent firm-level studies, I add two-way linkages between firms' production and exporting decisions and their financial constraints to a general equilibrium heterogeneous firm trade model. The interaction effects between reforms appear qualitatively important. Trade and domestic financial sector reforms have complementary effects on the average productivity and size of domestic producers. However, if much reallocative work has already been done through a well-functioning financial sector, the marginal benefits of trade liberalisation for wages and household utility are reduced. Improvements in the ability to use exports as pledgeable collateral enhance both the wage and productivity effects of trade reforms. The model also highlights the potential for financial sector reforms in one economy to be exported via the trade channel, affecting decisions to produce or export in the foreign economy and putting downward pressure on foreign real wages.

Access to Finance --- Agency problems --- Average productivity --- Debt Markets --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Equilibrium --- Exports --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Sector --- Industrial economies --- International trade --- Labor Policies --- Liquidity --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Marginal benefits --- Marginal products --- Political economy --- Positive effects --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Social Protections and Labor --- Total factor productivity --- Trade liberalization --- Trade policy --- Trade reforms --- Transition economies --- Value added --- Wages

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How do terrorist groups control their members? Do the tools groups use to monitor their operatives and enforce discipline create security vulnerabilities that governments can exploit? This title examines the great variation in how terrorist groups are structured.

TERRORISM --- TERRORISTS --- Polemology --- Organization theory --- Terrorists. --- Terrorism. --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Criminals --- Violent crimes --- Organized crime --- Organizational behavior. --- History. --- Behavior in organizations --- Management --- Organization --- Psychology, Industrial --- Social psychology --- Crime syndicates --- Organised crime --- Crime --- Fatah. --- Hamas. --- Islamist groups. --- Islamist terrorism. --- Middle East. --- Northern Ireland. --- Palestinian terrorist groups. --- Provisional IRA. --- Russian terrorist groups. --- Tsarist secret police. --- Ulster Defense Association. --- Ulster Volunteer Force. --- agency problems. --- agency theory. --- al-Qa'ida in Iraq. --- al-Qa'ida. --- bureaucracy. --- control. --- counterterror policies. --- counterterrorism policies. --- discrimination. --- group-specific vulnerabilities. --- hierarchy. --- internal dynamics. --- internal politics. --- managerial challenges. --- managerial problems. --- negotiated settlement. --- operational management. --- organizational analysis. --- organizational challenges. --- organizational dynamics. --- organizational resources. --- political goals. --- preference divergence. --- secrecy. --- secular nationalist groups. --- security reducing. --- security risks. --- security-control tradeoff. --- strategic interactions. --- terrorism. --- terrorist activity. --- terrorist group structure. --- terrorist groups. --- terrorist leaders. --- terrorist operatives. --- terrorist organizations. --- terrorists. --- uncertainty. --- violence.