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This book is a collation of articles published in the Special Issue "CESE-2019: Applications of Membranes" in the journal Sustainability. It contains a wide variety of topics such as the removal of trace organic contaminants using combined direct contact membrane distillation–UV photolysis; evaluating the feasibility of forward osmosis in diluting reverse osmosis concentrate; tailoring the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the separation and antifouling performance of thin-film composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane; enhancing the antibacterial properties of PVDF membrane by surface modification using TiO2 and silver nanoparticles; and reviews on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems and recent advances in the prediction of fouling in MBRs. The book is suitable for postgraduate students and researchers working in the field of membrane applications for treating aqueous solutions.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- membrane fouling --- influencing factors --- control method --- biofouling --- fertilizers --- flat sheet --- flux --- forward osmosis (FO) --- hollow fibre --- reverse osmosis (RO) --- polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) --- silver nanoparticles (AgNP) --- antibacterial property --- antifouling property --- photodegradation --- membrane distillation --- halide ions --- nitrate ions --- carbonate ions --- humic acid --- trace organic contaminants --- dip-coating --- dyes --- membrane --- nanocomposite --- polyvinylidene fluoride --- titanium dioxide --- artificial neural network --- mathematical model --- membrane bioreactor --- fouling prediction --- n/a

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This book is a collation of articles published in the Special Issue "CESE-2019: Applications of Membranes" in the journal Sustainability. It contains a wide variety of topics such as the removal of trace organic contaminants using combined direct contact membrane distillation–UV photolysis; evaluating the feasibility of forward osmosis in diluting reverse osmosis concentrate; tailoring the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the separation and antifouling performance of thin-film composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane; enhancing the antibacterial properties of PVDF membrane by surface modification using TiO2 and silver nanoparticles; and reviews on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems and recent advances in the prediction of fouling in MBRs. The book is suitable for postgraduate students and researchers working in the field of membrane applications for treating aqueous solutions.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- membrane fouling --- influencing factors --- control method --- biofouling --- fertilizers --- flat sheet --- flux --- forward osmosis (FO) --- hollow fibre --- reverse osmosis (RO) --- polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) --- silver nanoparticles (AgNP) --- antibacterial property --- antifouling property --- photodegradation --- membrane distillation --- halide ions --- nitrate ions --- carbonate ions --- humic acid --- trace organic contaminants --- dip-coating --- dyes --- membrane --- nanocomposite --- polyvinylidene fluoride --- titanium dioxide --- artificial neural network --- mathematical model --- membrane bioreactor --- fouling prediction

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This Special Issue presents studies on the genotoxicity of nanomaterials. Although nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in a wide range of applications, challenges remain in addressing strong concerns about their risks to the environment and human health. As a result of inconsistencies among published results and diverging conclusions, the understanding of nanomaterial exposure and toxicity remains unclear. Determining whether these materials cause DNA damage—the first step in carcinogenesis—must be a priority in testing. In this book, readers will find recent publications on the genotoxic response to a broad range of nanomaterials, the impact of physico-chemical characteristics, safe-by-design and new developed tools.

graphene oxide --- reduced graphene oxide --- micronucleus --- oxidative stress --- safer-by-design --- tungsten --- nanoparticles --- tritiated particles --- in vitro testing --- cytotoxicity --- micronuclei formation --- DNA damage --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- BEAS-2B cells. --- polystyrene nanoparticles --- nanoplastics --- genotoxicity --- Hs27 human fibroblasts --- comet assay --- FPG enzyme --- TiO2NP --- SiO2NP --- ZnONP --- CeO2NP --- AgNP --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles --- lincomycin --- human amniotic cells --- in vitro genotoxicity --- apoptosis --- nanotoxicology --- metal oxides --- high throughput screening --- micronucleus assay --- nanomaterial --- aluminum --- oral route --- gut --- liver --- V79 cells --- Hprt --- advanced in vitro model --- hepatotoxicity --- liver spheroids --- 3D culture --- HepG2 --- nongenotoxic silver nanoparticles --- genotoxic --- cytotoxic --- antioxidant activity --- silver ions --- Allium cepa --- metal/coating agent ratio --- n/a

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This Special Issue presents studies on the genotoxicity of nanomaterials. Although nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in a wide range of applications, challenges remain in addressing strong concerns about their risks to the environment and human health. As a result of inconsistencies among published results and diverging conclusions, the understanding of nanomaterial exposure and toxicity remains unclear. Determining whether these materials cause DNA damage—the first step in carcinogenesis—must be a priority in testing. In this book, readers will find recent publications on the genotoxic response to a broad range of nanomaterials, the impact of physico-chemical characteristics, safe-by-design and new developed tools.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- graphene oxide --- reduced graphene oxide --- micronucleus --- oxidative stress --- safer-by-design --- tungsten --- nanoparticles --- tritiated particles --- in vitro testing --- cytotoxicity --- micronuclei formation --- DNA damage --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- BEAS-2B cells. --- polystyrene nanoparticles --- nanoplastics --- genotoxicity --- Hs27 human fibroblasts --- comet assay --- FPG enzyme --- TiO2NP --- SiO2NP --- ZnONP --- CeO2NP --- AgNP --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles --- lincomycin --- human amniotic cells --- in vitro genotoxicity --- apoptosis --- nanotoxicology --- metal oxides --- high throughput screening --- micronucleus assay --- nanomaterial --- aluminum --- oral route --- gut --- liver --- V79 cells --- Hprt --- advanced in vitro model --- hepatotoxicity --- liver spheroids --- 3D culture --- HepG2 --- nongenotoxic silver nanoparticles --- genotoxic --- cytotoxic --- antioxidant activity --- silver ions --- Allium cepa --- metal/coating agent ratio --- graphene oxide --- reduced graphene oxide --- micronucleus --- oxidative stress --- safer-by-design --- tungsten --- nanoparticles --- tritiated particles --- in vitro testing --- cytotoxicity --- micronuclei formation --- DNA damage --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- BEAS-2B cells. --- polystyrene nanoparticles --- nanoplastics --- genotoxicity --- Hs27 human fibroblasts --- comet assay --- FPG enzyme --- TiO2NP --- SiO2NP --- ZnONP --- CeO2NP --- AgNP --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles --- lincomycin --- human amniotic cells --- in vitro genotoxicity --- apoptosis --- nanotoxicology --- metal oxides --- high throughput screening --- micronucleus assay --- nanomaterial --- aluminum --- oral route --- gut --- liver --- V79 cells --- Hprt --- advanced in vitro model --- hepatotoxicity --- liver spheroids --- 3D culture --- HepG2 --- nongenotoxic silver nanoparticles --- genotoxic --- cytotoxic --- antioxidant activity --- silver ions --- Allium cepa --- metal/coating agent ratio

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Currently, nano/microparticles are widely used in various fields. Silver particles are one of the most vital of the various particles, due to their unique optical–physical–chemical properties. The developed materials have been proposed for use in various fields such as in biosensors, diagnostics, imaging, catalysts, solar cells, and as antibacterials. Their unique, size-dependent plasmonic properties render the particles superior in biomedical applications. This importance of silver materials led to the first edition of Silver Nano/Microparticles: Modification and Applications, which was successfully published last year with ten outstanding papers. This second edition of the Special Issue also provides original contributions detailing the synthesis, modification, and applications of silver materials. Eleven outstanding papers which describe examples of the most recent advances in silver nano/microparticles are included.

antiviral property --- healthcare workers (HCWs) --- medical application --- microbicidal property --- silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) --- cytotoxicity --- silver nanoparticles --- Candida albicans --- poly(methyl methacrylate) --- dental prostheses --- ultrasensitive detection --- thiram --- internal standard --- gold–silver-alloy-embedded silica nanoparticles --- bamboo --- Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites --- self-sacrificing reduction --- antifungal activity --- cyclophanes --- resorcin[4]arenes --- calix[n]arenes --- thiacalix[n]arenes --- pillar[n]arenes --- self-assembly --- silver nanostructures --- silver islands film --- silver deposition --- metal enhanced luminescence --- silver nanowires --- nanomaterials --- biocompatibility --- AgNP --- peptide array --- biomineralization --- green synthesis --- SIF --- photosynthetic complexes --- biohybrid structures --- MEF --- healthcare workers --- hydroxyl radical --- microbicidal activity --- silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) --- ultraviolet (UV) irradiation --- histamine --- fish --- gold-silver alloy-embedded silica nanoparticles --- surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) --- reliable and sensitive detection --- n/a --- gold-silver-alloy-embedded silica nanoparticles