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Reed, Ishmael --- African American aesthetics --- African Americans in literature --- Afro-Americans in literature --- Afro-Amerikaanse esthetica --- Afro-Amerikanen in de literatuur --- Afro-Américains dans la littérature --- Amerikaanse zwarten in de literatuur --- Black Americans in literature --- Esthétique afro-américains --- Negroes in literature --- Noirs américains dans la littérature --- Race dans la littérature --- Race in literature --- Ras in de literatuur --- Zwarte Amerikanen in de literatuur --- Political and social views --- Politics and literature --- United States --- History --- 20th century --- Literature and society --- Aesthetics

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For a work to be considered African American literature, does it need to focus on black characters or political themes? Must it represent these within a specific stylistic range? Or is it enough for the author to be identified as African American? In Deans and Truants, Gene Andrew Jarrett traces the shifting definitions of African American literature and the authors who wrote beyond those boundaries at the cost of critical dismissal and, at times, obscurity. From the late nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth, de facto deans--critics and authors as different as William Howells, Alain Locke, Richard Wright, and Amiri Baraka--prescribed the shifting parameters of realism and racial subject matter appropriate to authentic African American literature, while truant authors such as Paul Laurence Dunbar, George S. Schuyler, Frank Yerby, and Toni Morrison--perhaps the most celebrated African American author of the twentieth century--wrote literature anomalous to those standards.Jarrett explores the issues at stake when Howells, the "Dean of American Letters," argues in 1896 that only Dunbar's "entirely black verse," written in dialect, "would succeed."Three decades later, Locke, the cultural arbiter of the Harlem Renaissance, stands in contrast to Schuyler, a journalist and novelist who questions the existence of a peculiarly black or "New Negro" art. Next, Wright's 1937 blueprint for African American writing sets the terms of the Chicago Renaissance, but Yerby's version of historical romance approaches race and realism in alternative literary ways. Finally, Deans and Truants measures the gravitational pull of the late 1960s Black Aesthetic in Baraka's editorial silence on Toni Morrison's first and only short story, "Recitatif."Drawing from a wealth of biographical, historical, and literary sources, Deans and Truants describes the changing notions of race, politics, and gender that framed and were framed by the authors and critics of African American cultur

African American aesthetics --- Afro-Amerikaanse esthetica --- Esthétique afro-américains --- Littérature réaliste --- Neorealisme (Literatuur) --- Néoréalisme (Littérature) --- Realism (Literary movement) --- Realisme (Letterkundige beweging) --- Realisme (Literaire beweging) --- Realisme in de literatuur --- Realistische literatuur --- Réalisme (Mouvement littéraire) --- African Americans in literature --- African Americans --- American literature --- Race in literature --- Realism in literature --- English literature --- Agrarians (Group of writers) --- African American intellectuals --- Afro-Americans in literature --- Negroes in literature --- Neorealism (Literature) --- Magic realism (Literature) --- Mimesis in literature --- Aesthetics, African American --- Afro-American aesthetics --- Aesthetics, American --- Intellectual life --- African American authors&delete& --- History and criticism --- African American authors --- Dunbar, Paul Laurence --- Criticism and interpretation --- Wright, Richard --- Locke, Alain Leroy --- Howells, William Dean --- Schuyler, George Samuel --- Morrison, Toni --- Yerby, Frank --- Realism in literature. --- Race in literature. --- African American aesthetics. --- African Americans in literature. --- Intellectual life. --- History and criticism. --- Locke, Alain LeRoy, 1885-1954 --- Cultural Studies. --- Literature. --- Littérature américaine --- Noirs américains --- ETHNICITE --- REALITE DANS LA LITTERATURE --- Auteurs noirs américains --- Histoire et critique --- Vie intellectuelle --- Dans la littérature --- DANS LA LITTERATURE --- Esthétique