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Prior to the civil rights movement, comedians performed for audiences that were clearly delineated by race. Black comedians performed (primarily) for black audiences and white comedians performed for whites. Yet during the past forty-five years, black comics have become progressively more central to mainstream culture. In Laughing Mad, Bambi Haggins looks at how this transition occurred in a variety of media and shows how these integration processes have empowered black comedians to shape popular notions of the African American condition-for better and for worse. Historically, African American

African American comedians --- Afro-American comedians --- Comedians, African American --- Comedians

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The history of African American humor is difficult to piece together. Occluded by slavery's gaps and distorted by racist stereotypes, African American humor has few extant works prior to the early twentieth century. Tucker's study focuses on comic rage, which he defines as an African American cultural expression that uses oral traditions to convey humor and militancy simultaneously in its confrontation of uncomfortable truths about inequalities and inconsistencies in American culture.

African American comedians --- African American wit and humor --- Satire, American --- Stand-up comedy --- Comedy --- Joking --- Afro-American wit and humor --- Black humor (African American humor) --- Negro wit and humor --- Wit and humor, African American --- American wit and humor --- Afro-American comedians --- Comedians, African American --- Comedians --- History and criticism. --- History.