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The Harlem Renaissance, the period associated with the flowering of the arts in Harlem, inaugurated a tradition of African American children's literature, for the movement's central writers made youth both their subject and audience. W.E.B. Du Bois, Carter G. Woodson, Langston Hughes, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, and other Harlem Renaissance figures took an impassioned interest in the literary models offered to children, believing that the "New Negro" would ultimately arise from black youth. As a result, African American children's literature became a crucial medium through which a disparate community forged bonds of cultural, economic, and aesthetic solidarity. Kate Capshaw Smith explores the period's vigorous exchange about the nature and identity of black childhood and uncovers the networks of African American philosophers, community activists, schoolteachers, and literary artists who worked together to transmit black history and culture to the next generation.

Harlem Renaissance. --- African Americans in literature. --- African American children in literature. --- African American children --- Children's literature, American --- American literature --- New Negro Movement --- Renaissance, Harlem --- African American arts --- Afro-Americans in literature --- Negroes in literature --- Afro-American children in literature --- Books and reading. --- History and criticism. --- African American authors --- Harlem (New York, N.Y.) --- Intellectual life

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In Ten Is the Age of Darkness, Geta LeSeur explores how black authors of the United States and the English-speaking Caribbean have taken a European literary tradition and adapted it to fit their own needs for self-expression. LeSeur begins by defining the European genre of the bildungsroman, then shows how the circumstances of colonialism, oppression, race, class, and gender make the maturing experiences of selected young black protagonists different from those of their white counterparts. Examining the parallels and differences in attitudes toward childhood in the West Indies and the United States, as well as the writers' individual perspectives in each work, LeSeur reaches intriguing conclusions about family life, community participation in the nurturing of children, the timing and severity of the youngsters' confrontation of adult society, and the role played by race in the journey toward adulthood. LeSeur's readings of African American novels provide new insights into the work of Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, Toni Morrison, Paule Marshall, and Richard Wright, among others. When read as examples of the bildungsroman rather than simply as chronicles of black experiences, these works reveal an even deeper significance and have a more powerful impact.

American fiction --- West Indian fiction (English) --- African American children in literature. --- African American youth in literature. --- Children, Black, in literature. --- African Americans in literature. --- Youth, Black, in literature. --- Blacks in literature. --- Bildungsromans. --- Psychological fiction, American --- Bildungsromans, American --- African Americans --- Maturation (Psychology) in literature. --- Blacks in literature --- African American children in literature --- Maturation (Psychology) in literature --- African Americans in literature --- Children, Black, in literature --- American Literature --- English --- Languages & Literatures --- Afro-Americans in literature --- Negroes in literature --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Afro-American children in literature --- English fiction --- West Indian literature (English) --- African American intellectuals --- Apprenticeship novels --- Bildungsroman --- Bildungsromane --- Coming of age --- Coming-of-age novels --- Entwicklungsromane --- Erziehungsromane --- Fiction --- African American authors --- History and criticism. --- Black authors --- Intellectual life. --- History and criticism --- Intellectual life --- West Indian authors --- West Indies --- In literature. --- Black people --- Black people in literature. --- African Americans. --- Black authors.