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Accomplices --- Principals (Criminal law) --- Principal and accessory --- Criminal law --- Abettors --- Accessories (Criminal law)

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Accomplices --- Criminal law (Roman law) --- Criminal law (Roman law). --- Criminal law --- Abettors --- Accessories (Criminal law) --- Principal and accessory --- Roman law --- Principals (Criminal law)

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The roots of organized crime penetrate deep into the normal operations of society, its economic and financial patterns, sometimes also its bureaucracy and ideological apparatuses. Drug trafficking, traffic in persons or terrorist networks could not exist if they did not engage large groups of people and routine patterns of social and economic behaviour. Often the “indirect” actors remain hidden, however, and beyond the reach of the arm of the law. In an analogical way, “terrorism” emerges from and is sustained by a wide network of ideological, economic, financial and other actors and activities. Marja Lehto maps in this work the way in which international legal regulation, particularly the new conventions adopted within the UN after 1996 ,have sought to extend international responsibility beyond the groups of immediate perpetrators, to the sources or incitation, recruitment, and financing of terrorist activities.She also deals with some of the thorniest questions in the field along the way – from the significance and difficulties in the of efforts to define “terrorism” to the need for a “general part” of international criminal law, and the role of a political organ – the United Nations Security Council – in preventing and punishing the crime of terrorism..This carefully crafted, insightful and hugely relevant study not only fulfils a gap in the existing literature but does so with analytical precision, bearing simultaneously in mind the important political and theoretical, even philosophical implications of this contentious topic. “Few topics have generated more international law writing in recent years, both scholarly and polemical, than terrorism. […] So it is a genuinely welcome surprise when someone brings out a study that has a fresh angle on the topic, and all the more so if the writer not only fulfils what appears like an obvious gap in existing literature but does that with analytical precision, bearing simultaneously in mind the important political and theoretical, even philosophical implications of this contentious topic. This is what Marja Lehto does in this carefully crafted, insightful and hugely relevant study of what she suggests we call ‘indirect responsibility’ for terrorist acts.” Martti Koskenniemi , Academy Professor (University of Helsinki)

Terrorism --- Accomplices --- Criminal liability (International law) --- Accomplices. --- Terrorism. --- International law --- Abettors --- Accessories (Criminal law) --- Principal and accessory --- Criminal law --- Principals (Criminal law) --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror

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"This systematic analysis of State complicity in international law focuses on the rules of State responsibility. Combining a theoretical perspective on complicity based on the concept of the international rule of law with a thorough analysis of international practice, Helmut Philip Aust establishes what forms of support for wrongful conduct entail responsibility of complicit States and sheds light on the consequences of complicity in terms of reparation and implementation. Furthermore, he highlights how international law provides for varying degrees of responsibility in cases of complicity, depending on whether peremptory norms have been violated or special subject areas such as the law of collective security are involved. The book shows that the concept of State complicity is firmly grounded in international law, and that the international rule of law may serve as a conceptual paradigm for today's international legal order"--

Government liability (International law) --- International criminal law. --- Accomplices. --- Abettors --- Accessories (Criminal law) --- Principal and accessory --- Criminal law --- Principals (Criminal law) --- Criminal law, International --- ICL (International criminal law) --- International law --- Criminal jurisdiction --- International crimes --- International claims --- Sovereignty --- Claims --- United Nations. --- International criminal law --- Accomplices --- Law --- General and Others

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Reports from war zones often note the obscene victimization of women, who are frequently raped, tortured, beaten, and pressed into sexual servitude. Yet this reign of terror against women not only occurs during exceptional moments of social collapse, but during peacetime too. As this powerful book argues, violence against women should be understood as a systemic problem-one for which the state must be held accountable. The twelve essays in Gender Violence in Peace and War present a continuum of cases where the state enables violence against women-from state-sponsored torture to lax prosecution of sexual assault. Some contributors uncover buried histories of state violence against women throughout the twentieth century, in locations as diverse as Ireland, Indonesia, and Guatemala. Others spotlight ongoing struggles to define the state's role in preventing gendered violence, from domestic abuse policies in the Russian Federation to anti-trafficking laws in the United States. Bringing together cutting-edge research from political science, history, gender studies, anthropology, and legal studies, this collection offers a comparative analysis of how the state facilitates, legitimates, and perpetuates gender violence worldwide. The contributors also offer vital insights into how states might adequately protect women's rights in peacetime, as well as how to intervene when a state declares war on its female citizens.

World politics --- State, The --- Accomplices --- Women's rights --- Women and war --- Political violence --- Sex crimes --- Women --- War and women --- War --- Women and the military --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Abuse, Sexual --- Sex offenses --- Sexual abuse --- Sexual crimes --- Sexual delinquency --- Sexual offenses --- Sexual violence --- Crime --- Prostitution --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Abettors --- Accessories (Criminal law) --- Principal and accessory --- Criminal law --- Principals (Criminal law) --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science --- History --- Political aspects --- History. --- Violence against --- Women's rights History