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Peut-on servir deux maîtres à la fois ? Cette question biblique est portée à sa cime lorsqu'elle est appliquée au droit, toujours tiraillé entre deux buts antagonistes. Tout comme le droit des contrats s'épuise à faire la synthèse de la liberté et de la solidarité, et le droit des sociétés celle de la collectivité et de l'individu, le droit de la preuve en matière financière doit, comme Monsieur Nicolas Ida l'observe à l'orée de son travail doctoral, « concilier les impératifs d'efficacité et de légitimité de la répression financière ». [...] C'est cette recherche du « point d'équilibre » qui se présente comme l'horizon de la réflexion de l'auteur. Le plan de thèse de Monsieur Nicolas Ida révèle avec finesse la dualité de la preuve au travers des deux temps de la procédure devant l'AMF. Au cours de cette procédure, la preuve est successivement envisagée comme une opération matérielle, puis comme une opération intellectuelle, selon que l'on se situe au stade des investigations préalables à la notification de griefs ou au stade du jugement devant la Commission des sanctions de l'AMF. La phase préliminaire de constitution du dossier probatoire est marquée par le renforcement constant des garanties procédurales au bénéfice des personnes visées par les investigations conduites par l'AMF. Ce constat dressé par l'auteur vient en balance de l'essor des pouvoirs de l'AMF - droit de communication de tous documents, d'accès aux locaux professionnels, de procéder à des infiltrations numériques, de perquisition menée par les enquêteurs, etc. - qui ne pouvait qu'appeler des contreforts. [...] Le second temps de l'étude se déprend des preuves matérielles pour se porter sur le raisonnement à partir des preuves ainsi réunies qu'est conduit à tenir la Commission des sanctions de l'AMF. Ce parti pris est en lui-même un apport de la thèse. Le raisonnement probatoire est en effet la boîte noire du droit de la preuve, lequel demeure trop souvent concentré sur les preuves matérielles et leur mode d'administration et d'admissibilité. [...] Finalement, [...] les ambitions de la thèse de Monsieur Nicolas Ida conjuguent harmonieusement suggestions spécifiques d'amélioration de la procédure devant l'AMF et propositions plus globales d'évolution du droit de la preuve en général. Le droit financier se révèle ainsi comme un point d'observation privilégié du droit de la preuve tant il exacerbe les difficultés habituelles que rencontre ce dernier, et oblige donc davantage qu'ailleurs encore, à les transcender.

Marché financier --- Présomptions (droit) --- Preuve indirecte --- Opérations d'initié --- Abus de marché --- Action de concert --- Droits fondamentaux --- Faisceaux d'indices --- Investigations --- Marchés financiers --- Présomptions --- Sanctions --- Droit --- France.

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Company law. Associations --- Financial law --- Belgium --- Corporation law --- Finance --- Communication in financial institutions --- Sociétés --- Finances --- Information financière --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Financial institutions --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 347.720.2 --- 347.728.5 --- 347.731 --- vennootschapsrecht --- financieel beheer ondernemingen --- U36 - Droit des sociétés - Vennootschappenrecht --- 347.72 <493> --- Handelsvennootschappen : bestaansvoorwaarden, statuten, akten, afkondigingen, folders. Administratieve vormvoorschriften. Regeringsinmenging, erkenning, vergunning. --- Openbare uitgiften. Plaatsing van effecten. --- Wetgeving op effectenbeurzen, de goederenbeurzen en de deviezenbeurzen. Raider. --- droit des societes --- gestion financiere des entreprises --- Handelsvennootschappen: statuut, aandeelhouder, patrimonium, inbreng, winst en verlies, algemene vergadering, raad van beheer, toezicht. Vennootschaprecht--België --- 347.72 <493> Handelsvennootschappen: statuut, aandeelhouder, patrimonium, inbreng, winst en verlies, algemene vergadering, raad van beheer, toezicht. Vennootschaprecht--België --- Sociétés --- Information financière --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Handelsvennootschappen : bestaansvoorwaarden, statuten, akten, afkondigingen, folders. Administratieve vormvoorschriften. Regeringsinmenging, erkenning, vergunning --- Openbare uitgiften. Plaatsing van effecten --- Wetgeving op effectenbeurzen, de goederenbeurzen en de deviezenbeurzen. Raider --- Taxation --- Corporations --- Business enterprises --- Managerial accounting --- Juridical aspects --- Corporation law - Belgium --- Financial institutions - Law and legislation - Belgium --- Droit économique et commercial --- Droit financier --- Groupements --- Société anonyme --- Transparence --- Fonctionnement des organes --- Conflits d'intérêts --- Corporate governance --- Prospectus d'OPA --- Abus de marché --- Rôle de la CBFA

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In many economic sectors - the digital industries being first and foremost - the market power of dominant firms has been steadily increasing and is rarely challenged by competitors. Existing competition laws and regulations have been unable to make markets more contestable. The book argues that a new competition tool is needed: market investigations. This tool allows authorities to intervene in markets which do not function as they should, due to market features such as network effects, scale economies, switching costs, and behavioural biases. The book explains the role of market investigations, assesses their use in the few jurisdictions where they exist, and discusses how they should be designed. In so doing, it provides an invaluable and timely instrument to both practitioners and academics.

Competition. --- Business --- Information technology. --- Competition, Unfair. --- Data processing. --- Competition --- Competition, Unfair --- Competition law --- Fair trade --- Unfair competition --- Unfair trade practices --- Commercial crimes --- Commercial law --- Industrial property --- Torts --- Advertising laws --- Electronic data processing --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Law and legislation --- Economic aspects --- EU policy. --- competition law. --- competition policy. --- digital technology. --- restriction on competition. --- market abuse. --- market research. --- piackutatás --- turuanalüüs --- estudo de mercado --- истраживање тржишта --- estudio de mercado --- markedsundersøgelse --- marktonderzoek --- kërkim tregu --- Marktforschung --- riċerka dwar is-suq --- studiu de piață --- badanie rynku --- tirgus izpēte --- průzkum trhu --- étude de marché --- rinkotyra --- markkinatutkimus --- taighde margaidh --- έρευνα αγοράς --- tržna raziskava --- маркетингово проучване --- marknadsundersökning --- studio di mercato --- истражување на пазарот --- výskum trhu --- istraživanje tržišta --- výzkum trhu --- ricerca di mercato --- analiza tržišta --- analyse de marché --- tirgus analīze --- Marktanalyse --- análisis de mercado --- turu-uuring --- markkina-analyysi --- análise do mercado --- piaci elemzés --- markedsanalyse --- analiză de piață --- marknadsanalys --- rinkos tyrimas --- ανάλυση αγοράς --- μελέτη αγοράς --- анализа на пазарот --- tržní analýza --- analizë tregu --- marktanalyse --- market analysis --- analýza trhu --- indagine di mercato --- analisi di mercato --- злоупотребa на тржишту --- Marktmissbrauch --- markkinoiden väärinkäyttö --- abuz pe piață --- abus de marché --- markedsmisbrug --- turu kuritarvitamine --- tirgus ļaunprātīga izmantošana --- zneužívanie trhu --- zlouporaba tržišta --- marktmisbruik --- drochúsáid mhargaidh --- пазарна злоупотреба --- zneužívání trhu --- zloraba trga --- nadużycie na rynku --- κατάχρηση της αγοράς --- piktnaudžiavimas rinka --- abbuż tas-suq --- abuso de mercado --- marknadsmissbruk --- piaci visszaélés --- abuso di mercato --- manipulation des cours --- rozporządzenie w sprawie nadużyć na rynku --- Marktmissbrauchsverordnung --- piacbefolyásolás --- smernica o zneužívaní trhu --- κατάχρηση αγοράς --- a piaci visszaélésekről szóló rendelet --- manipulacja na rynku finansowym --- nařízení o zneužívání trhu --- regulament privind abuzul de piață --- direktiva o zlorabi trga --- regulamentação sobre o abuso de mercado --- tržna manipulacija --- kursmanipulation på finansmarkederne --- manipulare a pieței financiare --- misbrug af markedet --- манипулиране на финансовия пазар --- злоупотреба на пазара --- abuse of market --- pénzpiaci manipuláció --- Rialachán maidir le déileáil chos istigh agus cúbláil margaidh --- directive sur les abus de marché --- financiële marktmanipulatie --- Tirgus ļaunprātīgas izmantošanas direktīva --- marknadsmissbruksdirektivet --- market abuse directive --- turu kuritarvitamist käsitlev direktiiv --- Piktnaudžiavimo rinka direktyva --- rahoitusmarkkinoiden manipulointi --- Uredba o zlouporabi tržišta --- a piaci visszaélésekről szóló irányelv --- markkinoiden manipulointi --- Marktmissbrauchsrichtlinie --- manipuliranje financijskim tržištem --- Direktiva o zlouporabi tržišta --- regolamento sugli abusi di mercato --- richtlijn marktmisbruik --- abbuż mis-suq --- Directiva sobre abuso de mercado --- manipulace s finančním trhem --- marknadsmissbruksförordningen --- manipulazzjoni tas-swieq finanzjarji --- finanssimarkkinoiden manipulointi --- financial market manipulation --- tirgus ļaunprātīgas izmantošanas regulējums --- dyrektywa w sprawie nadużyć na rynku --- MAR --- otillbörlig marknadspåverkan --- Diretiva Abuso de Mercado --- χειραγώγηση της χρηματοπιστωτικής αγοράς --- turu kuritarvitamist käsitlev määrus --- οδηγία σχετικά με την κατάχρηση της αγοράς --- κανονισμός για την κατάχρηση της αγοράς --- Директива за пазарната злоупотреба --- market abuse regulation --- ДПЗ --- tirgus ļaunprātīgas izmantošanas novēršanas regulējums --- markedsmisbrugsforordning --- manipulación del mercado financiero --- an Treoir maidir le Drochúsáid Mhargaidh --- МФП --- Reglamento sobre abuso de mercado --- zneužitie trhu --- règlement relatif aux abus de marché --- MAD --- MPF --- Regolament dwar l-abbuż tas-suq --- direttiva abusi di mercato --- Direttiva dwar l-abbuż tas-suq --- Регламент за пазарната злоупотреба --- zneužití trhu --- manipolazione del mercato finanziario --- směrnice o zneužívání trhu --- directivă privind abuzul de piață --- DAM --- turuga manipuleerimine --- uredba o zlorabi trga --- markkinoiden väärinkäyttödirektiivi --- tržišna zlouporaba --- markedsmisbrugsdirektiv --- manipulácia s finančným trhom --- manipulação do mercado financeiro --- markkinoiden väärinkäyttöasetus --- misbruik van de markt --- finanšu tirgus manipulācija --- marktmisbruikverordening --- Direktīva par tirgus ļaunprātīgu izmantošanu --- nariadenie o zneužívaní trhu --- Finanzmarktmanipulation --- ограничување на конкуренцијата --- konkurencijos ribojimas --- srian ar iomaíocht --- ograničavanje tržišnoga natjecanja --- concurrentiebeperking --- omezování soutěže --- restrizzjoni tal-kompetizzjoni --- Wettbewerbsbeschränkung --- ograniczenia konkurencji --- restricción de la competencia --- konkurences ierobežojums --- restrizione alla concorrenza --- restricționarea concurenței --- omejevanje konkurence --- konkurrensbegränsning --- ограничавање конкуренције --- restriction à la concurrence --- ограничение на конкуренцията --- kilpailun rajoittaminen --- restrição de concorrência --- kufizim mbi konkurrencën --- περιορισμός του ανταγωνισμού --- konkurentsi piiramine --- obmedzenie hospodárskej súťaže --- konkurrencebegrænsning --- versenykorlátozás --- nekalé obchodní praktiky --- nem megengedett kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- practică comercială ilegală --- unerlaubter Wettbewerb --- discriminatory trading practice --- verfälschter Wettbewerb --- práctica comercial restrictiva --- konkurentsi kahjustamine --- νοθευμένος ανταγωνισμός --- concorrenza falsata --- restrizione alla libertà di concorrenza --- unlauterer Wettbewerb --- restrictieve handelspraktijk --- competencia imperfecta --- pratica commerciale restrittiva --- shtrembërim i konkurrencës --- concorrenza illecita --- pratica commerciale limitativa --- illegális kereskedelmi magatartás --- prática comercial restritiva --- pratica commerciale abusiva --- concurrentievervalsing --- denaturarea concurenței --- restrizione di concorrenza --- práctica comercial abusiva --- concorrenza imperfetta --- pratique commerciale discriminatoire --- diskriminacinė prekybos praktika --- illojal konkurrens --- nesąžininga konkurencija --- στρέβλωση του ανταγωνισμού --- tiltott versenymagatartás --- pratique commerciale abusive --- laittomat kaupankäyntitavat --- comportamento anticoncorrenziale --- αθέμιτος ανταγωνισμός --- oneerlijke concurrentie --- forvansket konkurrence --- konkurrenceforvridning --- καταχρηστική εμπορική πρακτική --- zkreslení soutěže --- práctica comercial discriminadora --- seadusevastane kaubandustegevus --- negodīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência ilícita --- konkurentsi moonutamine --- ongeoorloofde concurrentie --- syrjivä kaupankäynti --- αθέμιτη εμπορική πρακτική --- falsa concorrência --- ebaaus konkurents --- illoyal konkurrence --- narušenie hospodárskej súťaže --- wettbewerbswidrige Praktiken --- práctica comercial desleal --- ατελής ανταγωνισμός --- concorrência imperfeita --- unfair trade practice --- distorsión de la competencia --- concurrence imparfaite --- distorsione della concorrenza --- prática comercial discriminatória --- practică comercială discriminatorie --- konkurencijos apribojimas --- jogellenes kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- konkurrencë e padrejtë --- ufuldkommen konkurrence --- konkurencijos iškreipimas --- concurență neloială --- onvolkomen concurrentie --- konkurences traucējumi --- nelojalna konkurencija --- illegal trade practice --- concurrence illicite --- nezákonné obchodní praktiky --- дискриминаторна деловна практика --- praktikë tregtare diskriminuese --- kõlvatu konkurents --- nekalá soutěž --- prática comercial abusiva --- diskriminējoša tirdzniecības prakse --- distorsione artificiale della concorrenza --- diszkriminatív kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- нарушена конкуренција --- nesąžininga prekybos praktika --- missbräuchliche Handelspraktiken --- discriminerende handelspraktijk --- ograničavanje konkurencije --- pratique commerciale déloyale --- uretmæssig konkurrence --- diskriminierende Handelspraktiken --- Wettbewerbsverzerrung --- competencia desleal --- distortion of competition --- a versenyhelyzet torzulása --- neteisėta prekybos praktika --- nelikumīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência desleal --- verseny torzulása --- otillbörligt handelsbruk --- pratica commerciale sleale --- competencia ilícita --- prática comercial desleal --- megkülönböztető kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- onzuivere concurrentie --- konkurrenssnedvridning --- ebaõiglane kaubandustegevus --- εμπορική πρακτική που εισάγει διακρίσεις --- oneerlijke handelspraktijk --- wederrechtelijke handelspraktijk --- vilpilliset kaupankäyntitavat --- нарушување на конкуренцијата --- konkurrencemisbrug --- concorrenza distorta --- unfair competition --- practică comercială neloială --- otillåtna affärsmetoder --- praktikë e padrejtë e tregtisë --- konkurences ierobežošana --- nekalá súťaž --- vilpillinen kilpailu --- concurrence déloyale --- concorrenza sleale --- unvollkommene Konkurrenz --- fordrejet konkurrence --- nekalé obchodné postupy --- praktikë e paligjshme e tregtisë --- несовршена конкуренција --- imperfekt konkurrence --- negodīga konkurence --- distorção de concorrência --- περιοριστική εμπορική πρακτική --- restriktive Handelspraktiken --- diskrimineeriv kaubandustegevus --- competencia falseada --- unvollkommener Wettbewerb --- нечесна трговија --- diskriminační obchodní praktiky --- nezákonné obchodné postupy --- tisztességtelen kereskedelmi magatartás --- unlautere Handelspraktiken --- pratique commerciale restrictive --- distorsion de la concurrence --- kilpailun vääristyminen --- ofullständig konkurrens --- diskriminačný obchodný postup --- olovlig konkurrens --- pratica commerciale discriminatoria --- nepošteno tržišno natjecanje --- digitale Technologie --- teknoloġija diġitali --- digitalna tehnologija --- digitaalitekniikka --- tecnología digital --- digitale technologie --- technologie numérique --- tehnologie digitală --- digital teknologi --- teicneolaíocht dhigiteach --- digitální technologie --- teknologji dixhitale --- цифрова технология --- digital teknik --- digitálna technológia --- ψηφιακή τεχνολογία --- tecnologia digitale --- ciparu tehnoloģija --- digitaaltehnoloogia --- technologia cyfrowa --- skaitmeninė technologija --- tecnologia digital --- digitális technológia --- дигитална технологија --- Digitaltechnologie --- digitalteknik --- politika tal-kompetizzjoni --- πολιτική του ανταγωνισμού --- politique de la concurrence --- политика конкуренције --- política de competencia --- kilpailupolitiikka --- Wettbewerbspolitik --- politika tržišnoga natjecanja --- политика на конкуренција --- konkurencijos politika --- soutěžní politika --- súťažná politika --- politica della concorrenza --- beartas iomaíochta --- politika të konkurrencës --- konkurrenspolitik --- konkurentsipoliitika --- konkurrencepolitik --- versenypolitika --- concurrentiebeleid --- политика на конкуренцията --- política da concorrência --- politica în domeniul concurenței --- konkurences politika --- polityka konkurencji --- politika konkurence --- konkurenční politika --- politica di concorrenza --- hospodářská soutěž --- politika konkurencije --- konkurrensrätt --- id-dritt tal-kompetizzjoni --- δίκαιο του ανταγωνισμού --- konkurencijos įstatymas --- kilpailuoikeus --- direito da concorrência --- konkurences likums --- dreptul concurenței --- droit de la concurrence --- prawo konkurencji --- право на конкуренција --- конкурентно право --- versenyjog --- pravo tržišnoga natjecanja --- konkurrenceret --- Wettbewerbsrecht --- ligji i konkurrencës --- soutěžní právo --- norme giuridiche sulla concorrenza --- dlí na hiomaíochta --- concurrentierecht --- право конкуренције --- Derecho de la competencia --- súťažné právo --- konkurenčno pravo --- konkurentsiõigus --- regole di concorrenza --- konkurrenceregulering --- pravo konkurencije --- legislație privind concurența --- közösségi versenyjog --- правила за конкуренција на Заедницата --- soutěžní legislativa --- konkurencijos nuostatai --- konkurences tiesības --- regulamentação da concorrência --- κανόνες ανταγωνισμού --- прописи против нелојалната конкуренција --- soutěžní předpisy --- Wettbewerbsregel --- kilpailusäännökset --- közösségi versenyjog rendelkezései --- konkurencijos reglamentai --- konkurrenceregler --- Wettbewerbsordnung --- заедничко право за конкуренција --- Wettbewerbsgesetzgebung --- Wettbewerbsvorschrift --- reglamentación de la competencia --- konkurentsisätted --- konkurenční právo --- заштита на конкуренција --- versenyszabályok --- konkurrensbestämmelser --- konkurences noteikumi --- norme sulla concorrenza --- súťažné predpisy --- concurrentieregeling --- propisi o tržišnom natjecanju --- konkurrencebestemmelser --- procedura in materia di concorrenza --- zákon o ochraně hospodářské soutěže --- réglementation de la concurrence --- versenyjogi szabályok --- competition regulations --- правила на Заедницата за конкуренција --- közösségi versenyjog szabályai --- concurrentievoorschriften --- regolamentazione della concorrenza --- rregulla të konkurrencës --- Wettbewerbsrecht der Gemeinschaft --- politika tal-UE --- unionin politiikka --- politika EÚ --- политика на ЕУ --- política da UE --- uniós politika --- ES politika --- politique de l'UE --- πολιτική της ΕΕ --- liidu poliitika --- EU-beleid --- beartas an Aontais Eorpaigh --- политика на ЕС --- politika EU-a --- politikë e BE-së --- EU-Politik --- política de la UE --- политика ЕУ --- EU-politik --- politika EU --- polityka unijna --- politica UE --- politica dell'UE --- κοινοτική πολιτική --- politica CE --- Kopienas politika --- política comunitaria --- politique de l'Union européenne --- politika Skupnosti --- Gemeinschaftspolitik --- политика на Общността --- политики на Европската Унија --- política comunitária --- yhteisön politiikka --- politika Spoločenstva --- politika Zajednice --- politika Europske unije --- politika Společenství --- EF-politik --- communautair beleid --- EG-beleid --- politica comunitaria --- közösségi politika --- ühenduse poliitika --- gemenskapspolitik --- Bendrijos politika --- Community policy --- политика Заједнице --- politică comunitară --- polityka wspólnotowa --- fællesskabspolitik --- politique communautaire