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Killer instinct : the popular science of human nature in twentieth-century America
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ISBN: 0674269659 0674269667 0674983475 Year: 2021 Publisher: Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press,

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A historian of science examines key public debates about the fundamental nature of humans to ask why a polarized discourse about nature versus nurture became so entrenched in the popular sciences of animal and human behavior. Are humans innately aggressive or innately cooperative? In the 1960s, bestselling books enthralled American readers with the startling claim that humans possessed an instinct for violence inherited from primate ancestors. Critics responded that humans were inherently loving and altruistic. The resulting debate—fiercely contested and highly public—left a lasting impression on the popular science discourse surrounding what it means to be human. Killer Instinct traces how Konrad Lorenz, Robert Ardrey, and their followers drew on the sciences of animal behavior and paleoanthropology to argue that the aggression instinct drove human evolutionary progress. Their message, spread throughout popular media, brought pointed ripostes. Led by the anthropologist Ashley Montagu, opponents presented a rival vision of human nature, equally based in biological evidence, that humans possessed inborn drives toward love and cooperation. Over the course of the debate, however, each side accused the other of holding an extremist position: that behavior was either determined entirely by genes or shaped solely by environment. Nadine Weidman shows that what started as a dispute over the innate tendencies of animals and humans transformed into an opposition between nature and nurture. This polarized formulation proved powerful. When E. O. Wilson introduced his sociobiology in 1975, he tried to rise above the oppositional terms of the aggression debate. But the controversy over Wilson’s work—led by critics like the feminist biologist Ruth Hubbard—was ultimately absorbed back into the nature-versus-nurture formulation. Killer Instinct explores what happens and what gets lost when polemics dominate discussions of the science of human nature.


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Religion in personality theory
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ISBN: 9780124078642 0124079431 0124078648 1306189217 9780124079434 9781306189217 Year: 2014 Publisher: London : Academic Press,

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Religion in Personality Theory makes clear the link between theory and research and personality and religion. Presently, most personality texts have a limited discussion of religion and reference few theorists other than Freud and Maslow in relation to the subject. This book reviews the theory and the empirical literature on the writings of 14 theorists. Every chapter concludes with a summation of the current research on the theorist's proposals. Identifies what major personality theorists say about religionInvestigates whether evidence supports or refute


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Seeking the Sacred with Psychoactive Substances.Chemical Paths to Spirituality and to God.Volume 2. Insights, Arguments, and Controversies
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ISBN: 9781440830877 Year: 2014 Publisher: Santa Barbara, California Praeger / ABC-CLIO, LLC

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Keywords

personal sacred experiences --- the new religious era --- the magic and ceremonial use of cannabis in the ancient world --- the Greek hero and herbal fantasies --- entheogenic theriomorphism and the hero myth --- Aristophane --- Socrates --- pot --- the Spartan cult of the wolf --- drug-induced ecstatic priapism --- DIEP --- sex --- snake venoms --- the use of compound psychotropics by Greco-Roman priestesses --- Shamanic consciousness and human evolution --- the psychedelic sacrament in Medieval Roman Catholicism --- drugs in American religious history --- the formation of hippie spirituality --- union with God --- heaven and hell --- personal insights into the entheogenic use of ketamine --- psychedelic use and contemporary Buddhist practice --- public dialogue --- entheogenic consciousness --- religious paths in psychedelic literature --- psychoactive substances and sacred values --- Abraham Maslow --- the pharmaceutical craft of ancient witches --- the use of psychedelics in religious rituals --- research with entheogens --- entheogens in the study of religious experiences --- psilocybin research at Johns Hopkins --- shamanic induction of altered states for spiritual inspiration --- the therapeutic use of peyote in the Native American Church --- spiritual dimensions of participation in contemporary ayahuasca rituals --- the UDV religion --- science --- academic research --- LSD and experimental mysticism --- psychoactive agents --- the religious use of psychedelic experiences in Shamanism --- chemically facilitated Mysticism --- psychedelic spirituality --- the mystical core of organized religion --- the mystery of death and rebirth in LSD therapy --- self-transcendent experiences and noninvasive brain stimulation

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