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Waste is a commodity, and in particular the separately collected, single-variety waste from private households such as waste paper is a highly coveted commodity that public bodies responsible for waste management, i.e. the municipalities, and private sector waste management companies compete for. The German recycling law (KrWG), which came into force in 2012, allows for this waste according to §§ 17, 18 KrWG an exception to the general obligation to hand over the waste to the public bodies responsible for waste management. However, the exception is so narrow that the competent authorities, which are often the responsible bodies for waste management at the same time, can easily ban the collection of private companies. This restricts the European free movement of goods and infringes EU competition law. The present work highlights these restrictions and infringements and examines whether they can be justified, in particular, by the exemptions for Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI). Insofar as this does not succeed, an amendment of the relevant regulations of §§ 17 and 18 KrWG is proposed. Abfälle sind Waren, und insbesondere die getrennt erfassten, d. h. sortenreinen Verwertungsabfälle aus privaten Haushalten wie beispielsweise das Altpapier sind heiß begehrte Waren, um die die öffentlich-rechtlichen Entsorgungsträger (örE), also die Kommunen, und private Entsorgungsunternehmen konkurrieren. Das 2012 in Kraft getretene KrWG lässt für diese Abfälle nach §§ 17, 18 KrWG eine Ausnahme von der grundsätzlichen Pflicht, die Abfälle dem örE zu überlassen, zu. Allerdings ist die Ausnahme so eng gestaltet, dass die zuständigen Behörden, die oftmals zugleich örE sind, privaten Unternehmen die Sammlung leicht verbieten können. Damit werden die Europäische Warenverkehrs- und Wettbewerbsfreiheit eingeschränkt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt diese Einschränkungen auf und untersucht, ob sie insbesondere nach den Ausnahmeregelungen für Dienstleistungen von allgemeinem wirtschaftlichem Interesse (DAWI, Daseinsvorsorge) gerechtfertigt werden können. Insoweit dies nicht gelingt, wird eine Änderung der einschlägigen Regelungen der §§ 17 und 18 KrWG vorgeschlagen.

Law --- Abfälle --- Abfall --- Abfallentsorgung --- Deutsche Hochschule für Politik --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz --- Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union --- Warenverkehrsfreiheit

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Why do central and local government initiatives aiming to curb the proliferation of garbage in Beijing and its disposal continue to be unsuccessful? Is the Uberization of waste picking through online-to-offline (O2O) garbage retrieval companies able to decrease waste and improve the lives of waste pickers? Most citizens of Beijing are well aware of the fact that their city is besieged by waste. Yet instead of taking individual action, they sit and wait for the governments at various levels to tell them what to do. And even if/when they adopt a proactive position, this does not last. Official education drives targeting the consumers are organized regularly and with modest success, but real solutions are not forthcoming. Various environmental non-governmental organizations are at work to raise the level of consciousness of the population, to change individual attitudes towards wasteful behavior, but seemingly with little overall effects.

Abfall --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Management. --- Government policy. --- Government policy --- Peking --- China --- Discarded materials --- Disposal of refuse --- Garbage --- Household waste --- Household wastes --- Rubbish --- Solid waste management --- Trash --- Waste disposal --- Waste management --- Wastes, Household --- Sanitation --- Factory and trade waste --- Pollution --- Pollution control industry --- Salvage (Waste, etc.) --- Street cleaning --- Waste products --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Environmental aspects --- Beijing - Garbage - Circular Economy - Waste Pickers. --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Waste --- Müll --- Abfallstoff --- Abfälle --- Governmental policy --- Beijing di fang wei chi hui --- Beijing Shi ge ming wei yuan hui --- Beijing Shi ren min wei yuan hui --- Beijing Shi ren min zheng fu --- Beijing Tebieshi gong shu --- Beijing Tebieshi zheng fu --- Beiping Shi di fang wei chi hui --- Beiping Shi zheng fu --- Beiping Tebieshi zheng fu --- Rotchina --- Zhongguo-Diguo --- Kaiserreich Zhongguo --- Zhonghua-minguo --- Chung-hua-min-kuo --- Zhonghua-Renmin-Gongheguo --- Kaiserreich China --- Shinkoku --- Chung-hua-jen-min-kung-ho-kuo --- Zhonghua --- Volksrepublik China --- Zhonghua renmin gongheguo --- République populaire de Chine --- Kytajsʹkaja Narodnaja Respublika --- Chinese People’s Republic --- Republic of China --- Chung-hua min kuo --- Chinesen --- Taiwan --- Beijing --- Běijīng --- Běi-jīng --- Běi jīng --- Beijing-Shi --- Beijing Shi --- Běijīng-Shì --- Běijīng Shì --- Běi-jīng shì --- Běi jīng shì --- Peping --- Beiping --- Beiping-Shi --- Beiping Shi --- Peiping --- Pei-p'ing --- Pei-p'ing Shih --- Běipíng --- Běi-píng --- Běi píng --- Běipíng-Shì --- Běipíng Shì --- Běi-píng shì --- Běi píng shì --- Bei jing --- Pei-ching --- Pei Ching --- Pékin --- Pekino --- Pechino --- Begeǰing --- Zhongguo-Shoudu --- Khanbalyk --- Khanbalik --- Kambaluk --- Daidu --- Taitu --- 北平 --- 北平市 --- 北京