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Atropine. --- Spasmes. --- Estomac.

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Animals, Newborn --- Bilirubin --- Brain --- Cerebrovascular Circulation --- Cardiac Output --- Atropine --- metabolism --- metabolism --- metabolism --- pharmacology

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Exploring quality of vision is one of the most important issues in modern ophthalmology, and research into ophthalmic optics and visual function is essential for making progress in this field. The present Special Issue aims to enlighten readers about the broad range of clinical research in the field of ophthalmic optics and visual function, mainly related to the anterior segment and myopia control. Submissions of original research articles were welcomed that highlight innovative findings with the potential to enhance the clinical capabilities of diagnosing and monitoring ophthalmic conditions and treatments especially of the anterior segment. Review articles of high interest were also considered for publication.

Medicine --- refractive error --- visual acuity --- myopia --- amplitude of accommodation --- pupillary diameter --- presbyopia --- cataract --- crystalline lens --- subjective refraction --- axial length of the eye --- contrast sensitivity function --- epiphora --- lacrimal passage obstruction --- lacrimal passage intubation --- refraction --- fogging --- monocular/binocular view --- precision --- LASIK --- happiness --- satisfaction --- anisometropia --- axial length --- school children --- light environment --- violet light --- illuminance --- contrast sensitivity --- AULCSF --- intraocular scattering --- higher-order aberrations --- quality of life --- RSVP questionnaire --- presbyLASIK --- excimer laser --- multifocality --- pseudophakic --- glaucoma --- ametropia --- hyperopia --- visual field --- OCT --- SITA standard 24-2 --- pattern deviation --- mean deviation --- spherical equivalent --- phakic intraocular lens --- multicentre study --- 0.01% atropine --- myopia control --- standardized equivalent refraction --- near visual acuity --- standard criterion --- diagnosis --- prevalence of myopia --- degree of myopia --- high-pressure education --- pressure-free education --- Yutori education --- accommodation --- anterior segment optical coherence tomography --- low-concentration atropine --- ocular biometric components --- eyeglasses --- double blinded randomized controlled trial --- n/a

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Recent clinical evidence supports the potential of neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonists as novel antidepressant drugs. A number of NK1 antagonists have reduced affinity for rat and mouse NK1 receptors compared to human, making it difficult to test for efficacy in traditional animal models. NK1 antagonists, in general, have similar affinity at gerbil and human NK1 receptors. The aims of these studies were, first to validate the gerbil tail suspension test, a test used frequently to demonstrate antidepressant drug efficacy in mice, and second, to determine whether the test could be used to demonstrate the antidepressant potential of NK1 antagonists. Immobility time was reduced by oral administration of the antidepressants imipramine (3-30 mg/kg), desipramine (1-30 mg/kg), amitriptyline (30 mg/kg), fluoxetine (1-30 mg/kg), paroxetine (3-10 mg/kg), citalopram (0.1-3 mg/kg), sertraline (1-30 mg/kg), venlafaxine (1-30 mg/kg) and nefazodone (100 mg/kg). Furthermore, oral administration of the NK1 antagonists M K-869 (10 mg/kg), L-742,694 (110 mg/kg), L-733,060 (10 mg/kg), CP-99,994 (30 mg/kg), and CP-122,721 (3-30 mg/kg) reduced immobility time. Diazepam (1-10 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (1-10 mg/kg), buspirone (3-30 mgAg), FG-7142 (1-30 mg/kg), and haloperidol (1-10 mg/kg) did not reduce immobility. Amphetamine (0.3-10 mg/kg) and atropine (0.3-10 mg/kg) reduced immobility, suggesting susceptibility to false positives, e.g. compounds that affect locomotion. Compounds were therefore tested in a gerbil locomotor activity (LMA) test to ensure that the antidepressant-like effects were not secondary to effects on activity. Antidepressant drugs and NK1 antagonists had no effect on LMA at doses that reduced immobility, whereas amphetamine and atropine induced marked hyperactivity. These studies support both the utility of gerbils in behavioral pharmacology and the antidepressant potential of selective NK1 antagonists

Activity. --- Amphetamine. --- Animal model. --- Animal-model. --- Animal-models. --- Animal. --- Antidepressant drugs. --- Antidepressant. --- Anxiolytic-like. --- Atropine. --- Behavior. --- Blockade. --- Citalopram. --- Depression. --- Diazepam. --- Drug. --- Drugs. --- Fluoxetine. --- Gerbil. --- Gerbils. --- Haloperidol. --- Human. --- Hyperactivity. --- Immobility. --- Inhibition. --- Locomotion. --- Locomotor activity. --- Locomotor-activity. --- Mice. --- Model. --- Models. --- Mouse. --- Neurokinin nk1 receptor antagonists. --- Neurokinin nk1 receptor. --- Nk1 receptor antagonists. --- Nonpeptide antagonist. --- Pharmacology. --- Rat. --- Receptor antagonist. --- Receptor. --- Receptors. --- Social-interaction. --- Substance p. --- Substance-p receptors. --- Susceptibility. --- Tail suspension test. --- Test. --- Time.

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Pharmaceutical Preparations --- analysis --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical chemistry --- Médicaments --- Chimie pharmaceutique --- Analysis --- Yearbooks. --- Analyse --- Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis --- Atenolol --- Camphre --- Chloroquine --- Cholecalciferol --- Cimetidine --- Disopyramide (phosphate) --- Indomethacine --- Ketofifene --- Melphalan --- Moxalactam (disodium) --- Oxyphenbutazone --- Pentazocine --- Phenytoine --- Pyridoxine --- Reserpine --- Saccharine --- Salicylamide --- Sulfadadiazine argent --- Sulindac --- Tetracycline (chlorhydrate --- Tolbutamide --- Vitamine d3 --- CHLORTHALIDONE --- IMIPRAMINE HCl --- CISPLATIN --- ANALYTICAL PROFILE --- TRIPELENNAMINE HCl --- XYLOMETAZOLINE HCl --- MEFLOQUINE HCl --- ACIDE IOPOANOIQUE --- LIDOCAINE --- LIDOCAINE HCl --- BENPERIDOL --- HYDRATE DE TERPINE --- ATROPINE --- ISOPROTERENOL --- WARFARIN --- NALOXONE HCl --- DIFLUNISAL --- BACLOFEN --- ACETAMINOPHEN --- HALOTHANE --- Bacitracine --- Bretylium --- Carbamazepine --- Ccyproheptadine --- Cefaclor --- Cefamandole --- Dibenzepine --- Digoxine --- Doxorubicine --- Fluphenazine --- Gentamicine (sulfate) --- Griseofulvine --- Haloperidol --- Khellin --- Lorazepam --- Methadone --- Methoxsalen --- Monographies medicaments --- Nadolol --- Nitrazepam --- Nitroglycerin --- Trifluoroperazine --- Acide ascorbique --- Acide flufenamique --- Aminophylline --- Captopril --- Cefotaxime --- Cefoxitine sodium --- Clofibrate --- Clotrimazole --- Dopamine chlorhydrate --- Ergonovine maleate --- Hexestrol --- Mestranol --- Noscapine --- Penicilline-g benzathine --- Phenylbutazone --- Sulfadiazine --- Amantadine --- Amikacine sulfate --- Benzocaine --- Dibucaine --- Dibucaine chlorhydrate --- Dioctylsulfosuccinate de sodium --- Estrone --- Etomidate --- Heparine sodium --- Hydrocortisone --- Isopropamide --- Metoprolol tartrate --- Phenylpropanolamine chlorhydrate --- Pilocarpine --- Pyrazinamide --- Pyrimethamine --- Quinine chlorhydrate --- Quinine sulfate --- Rutine --- Trimipramine maleate --- AMILORIDE CHLORHYDRATE --- AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE --- CAFEINE --- COCAINE CHLORHYDRATE --- EPHEDRINE CHLORHYDRATE --- OESTRADIOL --- GUANABENZ ACETATE --- IODAMIDE --- LITHIUM CARBONATE --- MAPROTILINE CHLORHYDRATE --- PENICILLIN G --- POTASSIUM --- PIROXICAM --- RANITIDINE --- STRYCHNINE --- VIDARABINE --- ZOMEPIRAC --- SODIUM --- CHLORAMPHENICOL --- LIDOCAINE CHLORHYDRATE --- SODIUM NITROPRUSSIATE --- Acide aminosalicylique --- Azathioprine --- Benzoate de benzyle --- Chlorhydrate d'emetine --- Chlorhydrate de clindamycine --- Chlorhydrate de methylphenidate --- Colchicine --- Cyanocobalamine --- Glibenclamide --- Heroine --- Hydrochlorothiazide --- Ketoprofen --- Nabinole --- Natamycine --- Oxytocine --- Penicillamine --- Phosphate de codeine