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Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery. --- Air conditioners --- Air conditioners

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Equipment, services, installations in buildings --- Heating, climatisation, ventilation and air conditioning --- lighting devices --- HVAC --- heating systems --- light [energy] --- air conditioners --- utilities [infrastructures] --- sustainable architecture --- duurzame energie

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HVAC systems, load shifting, indoor climate, and energy and ventilation performance analyses are the key topics when improving energy performance in new and renovated buildings. This development has been boosted by the recently established nearly zero energy building requirements that will soon be in use in all EU Member States, as well as similar long-term zero energy building targets in Japan, the US, and other countries. The research covered in this Special Issue provides evidence of how new technical solutions have worked, in practice, in new or renovated buildings, and also discusses problems and how solutions should be further developed. Another focus is on the more detailed calculation methods needed for the correct design and sizing of dedicated systems, and for accurate quantification of energy savings. Occupant behavior and building operation is also examined, in order to avoid common performance gaps between calculated and measured performance. These topics demonstrate the challenge of high performance buildings as, in the end, comfortable buildings with good indoor climate which are easy and cheap to operate and maintain are expected by end customers. Ventilation performance, heating and cooling, sizing, energy predictions and optimization, load shifting, and field studies are some of the key topics in this Special Issue, contributing to the future of high performance buildings with reliable operation.

indoor air quality --- stratification --- chiller plants --- alternate operation --- displacement ventilation --- draught rate --- building --- indoor temperature after renovation --- DHW heating --- daylight factor --- energy --- energy performance modeling --- hybrid displacement device --- building energy modelling --- energy performance of buildings directive --- condenser evaporative precooling --- DHW energy use --- heating mode --- ground source heat pump --- personalized ventilation --- daylight --- existing buildings --- optimal energy management --- cooling --- mixing ventilation --- daylight survey --- user behavior --- local air change effectiveness --- basketball hall --- CFD --- sizing --- electricity use --- control strategy --- HVAC systems --- ventilation --- occupant behavior --- smart readiness indicator --- energy signature --- standard use --- building energy simulation --- outdoor air --- monitoring measurements --- COP --- qualitative control --- wind pressure --- decentralized ventilation unit --- field measurement --- thermal comfort --- student dormitories --- data-driven analysis --- energy performance --- daylight simulations --- air jet --- ISO 52016-1 --- multiple sensor nodes --- downdraught --- energy efficiency --- building pressure condition --- meteorological reanalysis data --- ISO 7730 --- thermal analysis --- Monte Carlo method --- corner impinging jet --- greenhouse --- Pro-GET-onE H2020 --- in situ measurements --- smart buildings --- skin temperature --- retirement home --- demand side management --- indoor climate --- user input data --- Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) --- ventilation renovation --- tracer gas --- gray box --- Jaya algorithm --- single room ventilation unit --- satellite-based solar radiation data --- chiller performance --- rooftop air conditioners --- smart grid --- TRNSYS --- stack effect --- space heating --- energy flexibility --- corner mixing ventilation --- load shifting --- heating power --- air exchange effectiveness --- indoor temperature uniformity --- demand response