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In 1978 Susan Sontag wrote Illness as Metaphor, a classic work described by Newsweek as "one of the most liberating books of its time." A cancer patient herself when she was writing the book, Sontag shows how the metaphors and myths surrounding certain illnesses, especially cancer, add greatly to the suffering of patients and often inhibit them from seeking proper treatment. By demystifying the fantasies surrounding cancer, Sontag shows cancer for what it is--just a disease. Cancer, she argues, is not a curse, not a punishment, certainly not an embarrassment and, it is highly curable, if good treatment is followed.

Almost a decade later, with the outbreak of a new, stigmatized disease replete with mystifications and punitive metaphors, Sontag wrote a sequel to Illness as Metaphor, extending the argument of the earlier book to the AIDS pandemic.

These two essays now published together, Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors, have been translated into many languages and continue to have an enormous influence on the thinking of medical professionals and, above all, on the lives of many thousands of patients and caregivers.

44.01 history of medicine. --- 44.02 philosophy and ethics of medicine. --- 44.78 immunological diseases. --- AIDS (Disease) --- AIDS. --- Cancer --- Social aspects. --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Pathology --- Thematology --- Sociology of health --- AIDS virus --- pathologie --- kwaadaardige gezwellen

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Developments since 1996, particularly in the TB/HIV field, have now prompted a second edition of this popular manual which provides a pocket-sized guide to the clinical management of TB, particularly in patients suffering from co-infection with HIV. Designed for use by busy clinicians, the manual aims to promote the best possible diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries where the prevalence of TB and HIV infection is high, case loads are heavy, and laboratory support may be limited. With these needs in mind, the manual combines the latest scientific knowledge about TB and HIV with autho

Tuberculosis --- HIV infections --- AIDS (Disease) --- Lungs --- Diseases --- Antititubercular agents --- HIV (Viruses) --- Consumption (Disease) --- Phthisis --- Pulmonary tuberculosis --- TB (Disease) --- Chest --- Mycobacterial diseases --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- AIDS-associated retrovirus --- AIDS virus --- ARV (Viruses) --- HTLV-III (Viruses) --- HTLV-III-LAV (Viruses) --- Human immunodeficiency viruses --- Human T-cell leukemia virus III --- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus III --- Human T-lymphotropic virus III --- IDAV (Viruses) --- Immunodeficiency-associated virus --- LAV (Viruses) --- LAV-HTLV-III (Viruses) --- Lymphadenopathy-associated virus --- T-lymphotrophic virus III, Human --- HTLV (Viruses) --- Virus-induced immunosuppression

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This second report documents the fine work carried out by ministries of labour, employers' and workers' organizations and partner enterprises. It gives an insight into this ILO/USDOL partnership which has been running for five years. It includes a special focus on the experiences and achievements of the pioneer country projects in Belize, Benin, Cambodia, Ghana, Guyana, India and Togo. It also captures major innovations and collaborations from on-going initiatives in other countries.

HIV (Viruses) --- AIDS (Disease) --- Health education. --- Health --- Hygiene --- Communication in medicine --- Education --- Health promotion --- Preventive health services --- AIDS-associated retrovirus --- AIDS virus --- ARV (Viruses) --- HTLV-III (Viruses) --- HTLV-III-LAV (Viruses) --- Human immunodeficiency viruses --- Human T-cell leukemia virus III --- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus III --- Human T-lymphotropic virus III --- IDAV (Viruses) --- Immunodeficiency-associated virus --- LAV (Viruses) --- LAV-HTLV-III (Viruses) --- Lymphadenopathy-associated virus --- T-lymphotrophic virus III, Human --- HTLV (Viruses) --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Prevention. --- Study and teaching

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Over the past decade, enormous progress has been made in understanding the late events in the HIV replication cycle.  This has been made possible by major advances in cell biology, virology, and structural biology.  The field continues to move forward rapidly, with important new discoveries being reported on a regular basis.  The impact of this progress across a broad spectrum of biomedical research has been substantial.  The increase in basic knowledge in the areas of HIV assembly, release, and maturation has been accompanied by new possibilities for therapeutic intervention.The work includes topics relating to basic molecular biology, cell biology, and structural biology of HIV assembly, coupled with more applied ideas of how this basic information can inform the field of antiretroviral research.  The book covers all major topics pertaining to the late stages of HIV replication, with leaders in each area recruited to contribute chapters in their areas of expertise . The topics will be sufficiently focused to allow authors the opportunity to cover the latest developments in detail.

Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- HIV (Viruses) --- Medical virology. --- AIDS-associated retrovirus --- AIDS virus --- ARV (Viruses) --- HTLV-III (Viruses) --- HTLV-III-LAV (Viruses) --- Human immunodeficiency viruses --- Human T-cell leukemia virus III --- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus III --- Human T-lymphotropic virus III --- IDAV (Viruses) --- Immunodeficiency-associated virus --- LAV (Viruses) --- LAV-HTLV-III (Viruses) --- Lymphadenopathy-associated virus --- T-lymphotrophic virus III, Human --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Medical microbiology. --- Virology. --- Biomedicine. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- HTLV (Viruses) --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Microbiology. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Immunobiology --- Serology --- Health Workforce --- Microbiology

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Reliable evidence on the results of investments at the community level is in short supply. While communities have played a large role in the HIV/AIDS response, their contributions and innovative approaches to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support have not always been the focus of systematic and rigorous evaluations. To address this gap, seventeen analytical pieces were undertaken including evaluations in Burkina Faso, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Zimbabwe over a three -year period (early 2009 to early 2012) to build a robust pool of evidence on the effects of

AIDS (Disease) --- HIV (Viruses) --- Outcome assessment (Medical care) --- Prevention. --- Assessment of outcome (Medical care) --- Outcome evaluation (Medical care) --- Outcome measures (Medical care) --- Outcomes assessment (Medical care) --- Outcomes measurement (Medical care) --- Outcomes research (Medical care) --- Patient outcome assessment --- AIDS-associated retrovirus --- AIDS virus --- ARV (Viruses) --- HTLV-III (Viruses) --- HTLV-III-LAV (Viruses) --- Human immunodeficiency viruses --- Human T-cell leukemia virus III --- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus III --- Human T-lymphotropic virus III --- IDAV (Viruses) --- Immunodeficiency-associated virus --- LAV (Viruses) --- LAV-HTLV-III (Viruses) --- Lymphadenopathy-associated virus --- T-lymphotrophic virus III, Human --- Medical care --- HTLV (Viruses) --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Evaluation