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La compréhension et l'optimisation des phénomènes de rebond sont capitales dans l'industrie du béton projeté, en particulier en voie sèche où les pertes par rebond peuvent atteindre des valeurs allant jusqu'à 30%. Une découverte récente pose l'hypothèse qu'une couche "fluide" est activée sur une certaine épaisseur du substrat par l'impact régulier des particules du jet de béton projeté par voie sèche. Ce n'est que quelques années plus tard que cette couche "fluide" a enfin été observée et validée au laboratoire de l'Université Laval grâce à un nouvel essai de pénétration dynamique consistant à projeter une bille en acier sur le substrat : la catapulte.

L'objectif principal de ce travail de recherche consiste à développer un modèle numérique représentant l'essai de la catapulte. Ce modèle a pour but principal de caractériser les propriétés des couches "fluide" et élasto-plastique du substrat, de déterminer l'influence de la variation de l'épaisseur de la couche "fluide" et d'explorer les conséquences de la prise en compte d'un angle d'incidence de la bille. Le développement de ce modèle est rendu possible par l'utilisation du logiciel de calcul aux éléments finis ABAQUS.

Le développement du modèle numérique a permis de mettre en évidence des résultats très encourageants, insistant sur la nécessité d'explorer encore plus en détails la modélisation de ces phénomènes de rebond dans les bétons projetés. Au niveau des résultats probants, une combinaison module de Young - limite d'élasticité de faibles valeurs a pu être trouvée pour représenter la couche "fluide" et le modèle a mis en évidence l'effet négatif d'un angle d'incidence sur le rebond d'une particule : la dissipation de l'énergie cinétique de la particule en énergie de déformation du substrat. En effet, la perte d'énergie qui pourrait se produire par la création d'un angle relativement faible lors d'une projection à la main peut atteindre 50%. L'automatisation de la mise en place par l'utilisation d'un robot et d'une trajectoire bien définie permet de diminuer le rebond de 50% par rapport à une projection réalisée par un lancier.

Modélisation numérique --- Béton projeté par voie sèche --- Rebond --- ABAQUS --- Couche "fluide" --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie civile

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Composites have increasingly been used in various structural components in the aerospace, marine, automotive, and wind energy sectors. The material characterization of composites is a vital part of the product development and production process. Physical, mechanical, and chemical characterization helps developers to further their understanding of products and materials, thus ensuring quality control. Achieving an in-depth understanding and consequent improvement of the general performance of these materials, however, still requires complex material modeling and simulation tools, which are often multiscale and encompass multiphysics. This Special Issue aims to solicit papers concerning promising, recent developments in composite modeling, simulation, and characterization, in both design and manufacturing areas, including experimental as well as industrial-scale case studies. All submitted manuscripts will undergo a rigorous review process and will only be considered for publication if they meet journal standards. Selected top articles may have their processing charges waived at the recommendation of reviewers and the Guest Editor.

Research & information: general --- structural dynamics --- composite plastics --- stiffness --- damping --- fiber orientation --- ODF --- viscoelasticity --- geopolymer concrete --- fly-ash --- bottom-ash --- freeze-thaw --- leachability --- non-destructive test --- TCLP --- RFT --- fiber matrix interface --- finite element analysis --- characterization --- composite --- measurements --- testing --- structural monitoring --- flax-epoxy composite --- interlaminar fracture energy --- fracture toughness --- delamination --- Mode I --- Mode II and Mixed-mode I-II interlaminar fracture --- critical energy release rate --- machine learning --- mould filling simulations --- composite materials --- liquid moulding --- lattice cell structures --- InsideBCC --- equivalent solid properties --- three-dimensional printing --- nacre --- hexagonal tablets --- analytical model --- finite element simulations --- Abaqus --- fused filament fabrication --- PLA --- bamboo --- mechanical strength --- damage detection --- laminated composite plates --- modal analysis --- curvature mode shape --- strain energy --- structural dynamics --- composite plastics --- stiffness --- damping --- fiber orientation --- ODF --- viscoelasticity --- geopolymer concrete --- fly-ash --- bottom-ash --- freeze-thaw --- leachability --- non-destructive test --- TCLP --- RFT --- fiber matrix interface --- finite element analysis --- characterization --- composite --- measurements --- testing --- structural monitoring --- flax-epoxy composite --- interlaminar fracture energy --- fracture toughness --- delamination --- Mode I --- Mode II and Mixed-mode I-II interlaminar fracture --- critical energy release rate --- machine learning --- mould filling simulations --- composite materials --- liquid moulding --- lattice cell structures --- InsideBCC --- equivalent solid properties --- three-dimensional printing --- nacre --- hexagonal tablets --- analytical model --- finite element simulations --- Abaqus --- fused filament fabrication --- PLA --- bamboo --- mechanical strength --- damage detection --- laminated composite plates --- modal analysis --- curvature mode shape --- strain energy

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In dealing with fracture and fatigue assessments of structural components, different approaches have been proposed in the literature. They are usually divided into three subgroups according to stress-based, strain-based, and energy-based criteria. Typical applications include both linear elastic and elastoplastic materials and plain and notched or cracked components under both static and fatigue loadings. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an update to the state-of-the-art on these approaches. The topics addressed in this Special Issue are applications from nano- to full-scale complex and real structures and recent advanced criteria for fracture and fatigue predictions under complex loading conditions, such as multiaxial constant and variable amplitude fatigue loadings.

History of engineering & technology --- fatigue life prediction --- dissipated energy --- thermo-graphic technique --- thermal evolution --- peridynamics --- composite --- ordinary state-based --- double cantilever composite beam (DCB) --- delamination --- control volume concept --- critical plane approach --- fatigue life assessment --- severely notched specimens --- strain energy density --- monitoring of fatigue crack --- damage index --- ultrasonic guided waves --- sensor network --- structural health monitoring --- thermal fatigue --- thermal barrier coat --- master–slave model --- life prediction --- nozzle guide vane --- microcracks --- multiple fatigue crack --- crack coalescence --- concrete beams --- damage evolution --- multiscale --- fatigue damage evolution --- ABAQUS subroutine --- 3D reconstruction --- MCT scanning --- fatigue life --- cleat filler --- broken coal seam --- wellbore stability --- analytical model --- affecting factors --- fatigue crack --- welded bogie frame --- wheel polygon --- rail corrugation --- running speed --- finite fracture mechanics --- nanoscale --- silicon --- brittle --- notch --- fracture --- nanodevice --- life assessment --- crack initiation --- crack propagation --- finite element method --- scroll compressor --- fatigue --- crack --- metal --- structure --- welded joint --- FEM

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In dealing with fracture and fatigue assessments of structural components, different approaches have been proposed in the literature. They are usually divided into three subgroups according to stress-based, strain-based, and energy-based criteria. Typical applications include both linear elastic and elastoplastic materials and plain and notched or cracked components under both static and fatigue loadings. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an update to the state-of-the-art on these approaches. The topics addressed in this Special Issue are applications from nano- to full-scale complex and real structures and recent advanced criteria for fracture and fatigue predictions under complex loading conditions, such as multiaxial constant and variable amplitude fatigue loadings.

fatigue life prediction --- dissipated energy --- thermo-graphic technique --- thermal evolution --- peridynamics --- composite --- ordinary state-based --- double cantilever composite beam (DCB) --- delamination --- control volume concept --- critical plane approach --- fatigue life assessment --- severely notched specimens --- strain energy density --- monitoring of fatigue crack --- damage index --- ultrasonic guided waves --- sensor network --- structural health monitoring --- thermal fatigue --- thermal barrier coat --- master–slave model --- life prediction --- nozzle guide vane --- microcracks --- multiple fatigue crack --- crack coalescence --- concrete beams --- damage evolution --- multiscale --- fatigue damage evolution --- ABAQUS subroutine --- 3D reconstruction --- MCT scanning --- fatigue life --- cleat filler --- broken coal seam --- wellbore stability --- analytical model --- affecting factors --- fatigue crack --- welded bogie frame --- wheel polygon --- rail corrugation --- running speed --- finite fracture mechanics --- nanoscale --- silicon --- brittle --- notch --- fracture --- nanodevice --- life assessment --- crack initiation --- crack propagation --- finite element method --- scroll compressor --- fatigue --- crack --- metal --- structure --- welded joint --- FEM

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The performance-based design of structures in fire is gaining growing interest as a rational alternative to the traditionally adopted prescriptive code approach. This interest has led to its introduction in different codes and standards around the world. Although engineers widely use performance-based methods to design structural components in earthquake engineering, the adoption of such methods in fire engineering is still very limited. This Special Issue addresses this shortcoming by providing engineers with the needed knowledge and recent research activities addressing performance-based design in structural fire engineering, including the use of hotspot analysis to estimate the magnitude of risk to people and property in urban areas; simulations of the evacuation of large crowds; and the identification of fire effects on concrete, steel, and special structures.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- fire incidence --- hotspot analysis --- KDE --- Getis-Ord Gi* --- IDW interpolation --- fire risk zones --- built-up areas --- temporal analysis --- sustainable development --- fire --- earthquake --- finite element analysis --- Abaqus --- multi hazard analysis --- Scoria aggregate concrete --- PP fiber --- high temperature --- stress-strain curve --- prefabricated cabin-type substation --- panel --- BP neural network --- thermal–mechanical coupling --- machine learning --- fire behavior --- impact of fires --- repeated impact --- ACI 544-2R --- high temperatures --- ECC --- impact ductility --- oil and gas facility --- offshore platform --- tanker --- steel structure --- bulkhead --- deck --- hydrocarbon fire mode --- fire-resistance limit --- fire protection --- design --- stadiums and arenas --- evacuation time --- safety --- Colosseum --- organizing evacuation --- computer simulation --- City University --- fire temperature --- opening factor --- compartment area --- thermal analysis --- natural fire --- concrete strength --- exposure duration --- maximum temperature --- heating rate --- cooling rate --- reinforced concrete --- columns --- standard fire --- cooling phase --- axial capacity --- temperature-stress history --- fire incidence --- hotspot analysis --- KDE --- Getis-Ord Gi* --- IDW interpolation --- fire risk zones --- built-up areas --- temporal analysis --- sustainable development --- fire --- earthquake --- finite element analysis --- Abaqus --- multi hazard analysis --- Scoria aggregate concrete --- PP fiber --- high temperature --- stress-strain curve --- prefabricated cabin-type substation --- panel --- BP neural network --- thermal–mechanical coupling --- machine learning --- fire behavior --- impact of fires --- repeated impact --- ACI 544-2R --- high temperatures --- ECC --- impact ductility --- oil and gas facility --- offshore platform --- tanker --- steel structure --- bulkhead --- deck --- hydrocarbon fire mode --- fire-resistance limit --- fire protection --- design --- stadiums and arenas --- evacuation time --- safety --- Colosseum --- organizing evacuation --- computer simulation --- City University --- fire temperature --- opening factor --- compartment area --- thermal analysis --- natural fire --- concrete strength --- exposure duration --- maximum temperature --- heating rate --- cooling rate --- reinforced concrete --- columns --- standard fire --- cooling phase --- axial capacity --- temperature-stress history