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The United Nations Broadband Commission has committed the international community to accelerate universal broadband, but the cost of meeting these objectives in the context of rapid technological change are not well understood. Using scenario analysis, this paper compares the global cost-effectiveness of different infrastructure strategies for the developing world to achieve universal 4G or 5G mobile broadband. Utilizing remote sensing and demand forecasting, least-cost network designs are developed for eight representative low- and middle-income countries (Malawi, Uganda, Kenya, Senegal, Pakistan, Albania, Peru, and Mexico), which provide the basis for aggregation to the global level. The cost of meeting UN Broadband Commission targets across the developing world is estimated at USD 1.6-1.7 trillion over the next decade, approximately 0.5-0.6% of annual gross domestic product for the developing world over the next decade. However, by creating a favorable regulatory environment, governments can bring down these costs by as much as three-quarters - to USD 0.5 trillion (around 0.15 percent of annual gross domestic product) - and largely avoid the need for public subsidies. While 4G technology remains somewhat more cost-effective at the global scale, 5G NSA can sometimes prove less costly at the national level, particularly for countries with relatively low existing coverage of 4G technologies, and a tendency to be capacity-constrained in terms of demand. Providing that governments make judicious choices, adopting fiscal and regulatory regimes that are conducive to lowering costs, universal broadband may be within reach of most developing countries over the next decade.
5G Technology --- Broadband --- Digital Divide --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology --- Telecommunications --- Telecommunications Policy --- Universal Broadband
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This book addresses the true innovation in engineering design that may be promoted by blending together models and methodologies from different disciplines, and, in this book, the target was exactly to follow this approach to deliver a new disruptive architecture to deliver these next-generation mobile small cell technologies. According to this design philosophy, the work within this book resides in the intersection of engineering paradigms that includes “cooperation”, “network coding”, and “smart energy-aware frontends”. These technologies will not only be considered as individual building blocks, but re-engineered according to an inter-design approach resulting in the enabler for energy efficient femtocell-like services on the move. The book aims to narrow the gap between the current networking technologies and the foreseen requirements that are targeted at the future development of the 5G mobile and wireless communications networks in terms of the higher networking capacity, the ability to support more users, the lower cost per bit, the enhanced energy efficiency, and adaptability to new services and devices (for example, smart cities, and the Internet of things (IoT)).
History of engineering & technology --- microstrip --- tuneable filter --- microwave filter --- 5G --- MEMSs --- varactor --- 4G --- CR --- MIMO --- reconfigurable antenna --- switch --- UWB --- WiMAX --- WLAN --- wireless communications --- cooperative NOMA --- multi-points DF relaying nodes --- half-duplex --- full-duplex --- Rayleigh fading channels --- Nakagami-m fading channels --- energy harvesting --- non-orthogonal multiple access --- multiple antenna --- transmit antenna selection --- outage probability --- pattern reconfigurable --- patch antenna --- s-parameters --- frequency reconfigurable --- dual-band Doherty power amplifier --- LTE-advanced --- high-efficiency --- phase offset lines --- impedance inverter network --- phase compensation network --- High power amplifiers --- high efficiency --- Doherty power amplifier --- GaN-HEMT --- small cell --- maximum transmit power --- UE --- open-loop power control --- interference --- ergodic capacity --- non-linear energy harvesting --- NOMA --- monopole antenna --- S-parameters --- 5G, 4/4.5G --- LTE --- ISM --- WiFi --- 5G antenna --- slot antenna --- mobile terminal antenna --- MIMO antenna --- medical applications --- miniaturized antenna --- arc-shaped --- dual-band --- chiral --- Tellegen --- multilayer CPW structure --- dispersion characteristics --- full-GEMT --- Muller’s method --- complex propagation constant --- acceleration procedure --- ISM 2.4 GHz --- isolation --- envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) --- channel capacity loss (CCL) --- 5G technology --- CPW-fed antenna --- diversity antenna --- future smartphones --- MIMO systems --- n/a --- Muller's method
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This book addresses the true innovation in engineering design that may be promoted by blending together models and methodologies from different disciplines, and, in this book, the target was exactly to follow this approach to deliver a new disruptive architecture to deliver these next-generation mobile small cell technologies. According to this design philosophy, the work within this book resides in the intersection of engineering paradigms that includes “cooperation”, “network coding”, and “smart energy-aware frontends”. These technologies will not only be considered as individual building blocks, but re-engineered according to an inter-design approach resulting in the enabler for energy efficient femtocell-like services on the move. The book aims to narrow the gap between the current networking technologies and the foreseen requirements that are targeted at the future development of the 5G mobile and wireless communications networks in terms of the higher networking capacity, the ability to support more users, the lower cost per bit, the enhanced energy efficiency, and adaptability to new services and devices (for example, smart cities, and the Internet of things (IoT)).
microstrip --- tuneable filter --- microwave filter --- 5G --- MEMSs --- varactor --- 4G --- CR --- MIMO --- reconfigurable antenna --- switch --- UWB --- WiMAX --- WLAN --- wireless communications --- cooperative NOMA --- multi-points DF relaying nodes --- half-duplex --- full-duplex --- Rayleigh fading channels --- Nakagami-m fading channels --- energy harvesting --- non-orthogonal multiple access --- multiple antenna --- transmit antenna selection --- outage probability --- pattern reconfigurable --- patch antenna --- s-parameters --- frequency reconfigurable --- dual-band Doherty power amplifier --- LTE-advanced --- high-efficiency --- phase offset lines --- impedance inverter network --- phase compensation network --- High power amplifiers --- high efficiency --- Doherty power amplifier --- GaN-HEMT --- small cell --- maximum transmit power --- UE --- open-loop power control --- interference --- ergodic capacity --- non-linear energy harvesting --- NOMA --- monopole antenna --- S-parameters --- 5G, 4/4.5G --- LTE --- ISM --- WiFi --- 5G antenna --- slot antenna --- mobile terminal antenna --- MIMO antenna --- medical applications --- miniaturized antenna --- arc-shaped --- dual-band --- chiral --- Tellegen --- multilayer CPW structure --- dispersion characteristics --- full-GEMT --- Muller’s method --- complex propagation constant --- acceleration procedure --- ISM 2.4 GHz --- isolation --- envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) --- channel capacity loss (CCL) --- 5G technology --- CPW-fed antenna --- diversity antenna --- future smartphones --- MIMO systems --- n/a --- Muller's method
Choose an application
This book addresses the true innovation in engineering design that may be promoted by blending together models and methodologies from different disciplines, and, in this book, the target was exactly to follow this approach to deliver a new disruptive architecture to deliver these next-generation mobile small cell technologies. According to this design philosophy, the work within this book resides in the intersection of engineering paradigms that includes “cooperation”, “network coding”, and “smart energy-aware frontends”. These technologies will not only be considered as individual building blocks, but re-engineered according to an inter-design approach resulting in the enabler for energy efficient femtocell-like services on the move. The book aims to narrow the gap between the current networking technologies and the foreseen requirements that are targeted at the future development of the 5G mobile and wireless communications networks in terms of the higher networking capacity, the ability to support more users, the lower cost per bit, the enhanced energy efficiency, and adaptability to new services and devices (for example, smart cities, and the Internet of things (IoT)).
History of engineering & technology --- microstrip --- tuneable filter --- microwave filter --- 5G --- MEMSs --- varactor --- 4G --- CR --- MIMO --- reconfigurable antenna --- switch --- UWB --- WiMAX --- WLAN --- wireless communications --- cooperative NOMA --- multi-points DF relaying nodes --- half-duplex --- full-duplex --- Rayleigh fading channels --- Nakagami-m fading channels --- energy harvesting --- non-orthogonal multiple access --- multiple antenna --- transmit antenna selection --- outage probability --- pattern reconfigurable --- patch antenna --- s-parameters --- frequency reconfigurable --- dual-band Doherty power amplifier --- LTE-advanced --- high-efficiency --- phase offset lines --- impedance inverter network --- phase compensation network --- High power amplifiers --- high efficiency --- Doherty power amplifier --- GaN-HEMT --- small cell --- maximum transmit power --- UE --- open-loop power control --- interference --- ergodic capacity --- non-linear energy harvesting --- NOMA --- monopole antenna --- S-parameters --- 5G, 4/4.5G --- LTE --- ISM --- WiFi --- 5G antenna --- slot antenna --- mobile terminal antenna --- MIMO antenna --- medical applications --- miniaturized antenna --- arc-shaped --- dual-band --- chiral --- Tellegen --- multilayer CPW structure --- dispersion characteristics --- full-GEMT --- Muller's method --- complex propagation constant --- acceleration procedure --- ISM 2.4 GHz --- isolation --- envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) --- channel capacity loss (CCL) --- 5G technology --- CPW-fed antenna --- diversity antenna --- future smartphones --- MIMO systems
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