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In this thesis we present the results of four years of research on some aspects of p-adic geometry. A first result is on definable Lipschitz extensions of p-adic functions, a second result is on differentiation in P-minimal structures. Both results will appear in the form of an article in a peer-reviewed mathematical journal.Firstly, we prove a definable version of Kirszbrauns theorem in a non-Archimedean setting for definable families of functions in one variable. More precisely, let K be a finite field extension of the field of p-adic numbers, then we prove that every definable family of λ-Lipschitz functions on a subset of K extends to a definable family of λ-Lipschitz functions on K.Secondly, we prove a p-adic, local version of the Monotonicity Theorem for P-minimal structures. The existence of such a theorem was originally conjectured by Haskell and Macpherson. We approach the problem by considering the first order strict derivative. In particular, we show that, for a wide class of P-minimal structures, the definable functions are almost everywhere strictly differentiable and satisfy the Local Jacobian Property.The basic facts of p-adic fields are reviewed in the first chapter of this thesis. Model theory and its applications are reviewed in the second chapter. The third chapter contains the new results on definable Lipschitz extensions of p-adic functions, and the forth chapter those on differentiation in P-minimal structures. Finally, the fifth chapter contains a discussion of the main results in this thesis, together with a look at future research.
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This thesis consists of two parts. The first part is about the semigroup of values SV and the Poincaré series PV(t) associated to a finite set of divisorial valuations coming from a modification of Kd, where K is any field. When K is infinite, we can prove that SV is finitely generated whenever there exists some finite generating sequence L for V . The existence of such a finite L also implies that PV(t) is a rational function whose denominator can be expressed in terms of the valuation vectors of the elements of L. Here K can even be a finite field. However, a finite generating sequence does not always exist. This is the case for the modification of C3 where we blow up in nine very general points on the first exceptional divisor. In that specific example, the semigroup of values is not finitely generated.The second part is about lattice polytopes. It is a famous open question whether every integrally closed reflexive polytope has a unimodal Ehrhart delta-vector. We generalize this question to arbitrary integrally closed lattice polytopes and we prove unimodality for the delta-vector of integrally closed polytopes of small dimension and for lattice parallelepipeds. This is the first non-trivial class of integrally closed polytopes. Moreover, we suggest a new approach to the problem for reflexive polytopes via triangulation.
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