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The main objective of polymer materials scientists is to develop and design high performance polymer-based materials via the introduction of block copolymers, ionomers or inorganic-organic hybrids, in order to introduce functionalities such as mechanical reinforcement, gas barrier properties, fire retardancy, shape memory behavior or self-healing ability. In the last ten years, ionic liquids have demonstrated huge potential as new components within polymer-based materials, leading to a wide range of applications. Due to their many physical-chemical properties, as well as their various possible combinations, ionic liquids represent a new path to produce multifunctional materials.

History of engineering & technology --- ionic liquids --- thermosets --- Lithium salts --- electrolytes --- polyoxymethylene --- ionic liquid --- crystallization behavior --- nucleation --- polymerizable ionic liquid microemulsions --- poly(ionic liquid)s --- adsorption --- poly(ionic liquid) --- cross-linker --- electrochemical detection --- 4-nonylphenol --- poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) --- layered double hydroxide --- in-situ polymerization --- nanocomposite --- permeability --- biodegradable polymer --- IR spectroscopy --- silica --- high pressure --- microwave --- synthetic methods --- nanomaterials --- polymers --- humidity sensing --- free-ion concentration --- fast response and recovery --- respiratory rate monitoring --- PMMA --- plasticizer --- mechanical behavior --- crazing --- thermal behavior

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Development provides an especially sensitive window whereby environmental contaminants can have significant and lasting effects on the morphology and function of many organs and systems. The importance of understanding developmental effects of environmental contaminants extends not only to developmental stages, but also to encompass the hypotheses of the developmental or fetal origins of adult disease. Such effects of environmental contaminants during development extend to health outcomes that can persist in adulthood, first become apparent in adulthood, or manifest in adulthood but only after a second hit/stressor. The diverse nature of possible environmental contaminants, ranging from persistent organic pollutants to emerging contaminants of concern, along with the diverse range of health implications, including autism, diabetes, cancer, infertility, and lower urinary tract function, make understanding developmental effects of environmental contaminants an ever growing and important field of study.This Special Issue aims to explore a variety of topics in line with the aims and scope of Toxics. Specifically, topics related to the developmental effects of environmental contaminants and/or their metabolites on the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system or organism, including mechanisms of toxicity, metabolism, risk assessment and management, as well as multiple stressor impacts in the context of aging or disease progression following developmental exposures.

Medicine --- Medical toxicology --- arsenic --- synaptic transmission --- long-term potentiation --- hippocampus --- development --- lower urinary tract --- bladder --- inflammation --- POPs --- developmental basis of adult disease --- multigenerational --- toxicants --- bronchopulmonary dysplasia --- therapeutics --- lung development --- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor --- perinatal mortality --- neonatal morbidity --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) --- Aroclor 1221 (A1221) --- PCBs --- vinclozolin --- social behavior --- sex differences --- transgenerational --- epigenetic --- endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) --- polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) --- mating behavior --- paced mating --- ultrasonic vocalization (USV) --- estradiol --- triclosan --- triclocarbon --- detergents --- 4-nonylphenol --- Danio rerio --- zebrafish --- environmental toxicity --- aquatic environment --- ground water chemicals --- lower urinary tract dysfunction --- lower urinary tract symptoms --- BPH --- prostate --- axonal growth --- developmental neurotoxicity --- neuronal morphogenesis --- PBDE --- reactive oxygen species --- thyroid hormone --- pesticides --- prebiotic --- intestinal dysbiosis --- perigestational --- dysmetabolism --- risk factor --- behavior --- chemical screening --- literature comparison --- developmental toxicity --- negative control --- positive control --- rapid testing --- PFAS --- PFAS mixtures --- epigenetics --- microglia --- valproic acid --- primary motor cortex