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The ambition of the countries of Eastern Europe to transform themselves into market economies that are integrated with world commerce raises a host of novel issues for their economic policymaking. This study focuses on the region's future external policies regarding currency convertibility, trade, and exchange rates. Several current proposals - for a payments union, membership in the European Monetary System, and a parallel currency - are also considered. Convertibility - the right to exchange domestic money for foreign money - is recognized as a necessary condition to quickly inject competitive pressures into a formerly planned economy, and thus to "import" realistic prices. But can it be introduced overnight, by fiat, as part of a package of radical measures, or is a gradual approach needed to preserve stability ? Williamson proposes - and seeks to define - a "minimum bang" of liberalizing measures : a package that is sufficiently broad to give consistency and sustainable momentum to overall reform but that avoids administering an unnecessarily severe shock to a fragile economy. The study includes a country-by-country assessment of progress toward reforms to date. It is based on a paper prepared for a conference cosponsored by the Institute and the Austrian National Bank in Vienna in january 1991.

Economic conditions. Economic development --- International economic relations --- Eastern and Central Europe --- 339 <4-11> --- 331.30 --- 331.31 --- 333.450 --- 382.240 --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- 337.47 --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- Economische toestand. --- Economisch beleid. --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit. --- Evolutie van de betalingsbalans: algemeenheden. --- Europe, Eastern --- Foreign economic relations. --- 339 <4-11> Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit --- Evolutie van de betalingsbalans: algemeenheden --- Relations économiques extérieures

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Europe, Central --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe de l'Est --- Foreign economic relations --- Congresses --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Congrès --- 339 <4-11> --- 339.9 <4-11> --- 339.9 --- 061.3 --- Oost- en Centraal-Europa --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- 382.51 --- 382.50 --- NBB congres --- NATO --- Oost-Europa --- defensie --- economie, internationaal --- oorlog --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- Internationale economische betrekkingen --- Congressen: verslagen --- Aard, belang en evolutie. Handelsbalans. J curve. --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden. --- 339 <4-11> Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- Aard, belang en evolutie. Handelsbalans. J curve --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Congrès --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Central Europe --- Congresses.

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In their transition from the legacy of Communism, Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) are seeking to reduce the income gap that remains the major barrier to full European integration. The essays in this 1997 volume derive from a conference held at the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies in Washington DC, on May 15-16 1995, and present general equilibrium calculations of the world wide effects of trade liberalization between CEECs and the European Union (EU) on real wages and welfare; analysis of trade in 'sensitive' sectors; and measurement of Germany's role in the transition. Simulations analyse the effects of CEEC macroeconomic policies on the transition process. Other essays examine the effects of privatization, labour migration from the East, and alternative approaches to integration of CEECs into the EU, including quick entry, variable geometry and free trade area. Economists and policy-makers will value the collection's innovative quantitative assessments and presentation of distinct alternatives.

Post-communism --- 339 <4-11> --- -331.30 --- 331.32 --- 331.33 --- 332.602.0 --- 332.691 --- 334.153.0 --- 338.70 --- 339.113 --- 339.312.5 --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- NBB congres --- -337.4047 --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- Economische toestand. --- Structuur van de economie. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Grensoverschrijdende mobiliteit (algemeenheden). --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden. --- Industrieën : Algemeenheden. Structuur en evolutie van de industrie. --- Buitenlandse investeringen. --- Evolutie van de investeringen. --- Europe, Eastern --- European Union countries --- -European Union countries --- -Germany --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Commerce --- -Economic policy --- -Foreign economic relations --- -Congresses. --- Foreign economic relations --- -Commerce --- -Post-communism --- -339 <4-11> --- 339 <4-11> Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- 337.4047 --- 331.30 --- Economische toestand --- Structuur van de economie --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Grensoverschrijdende mobiliteit (algemeenheden) --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden --- Industrieën : Algemeenheden. Structuur en evolutie van de industrie --- Buitenlandse investeringen --- Evolutie van de investeringen --- Germany --- Weimar Republic --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Германия --- BRD --- FRN --- Jirmānīya --- جرمانيا --- Nimechchyna --- Gjermani --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Ashkenaz --- Germanyah --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Deutschland --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República Federal de Alemania --- Alemania --- República de Alemania --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- KhBNGU --- ХБНГУ --- German Uls --- Germania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Deutsches Reich --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Weimarer Republik --- Vācijā --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : British Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : French Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : Russian Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone) --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Holy Roman Empire --- Economic policy --- ドイツ --- Doitsu --- ドイツ連邦共和国 --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- ドイツ レンポウ キョウワコク --- Deguo --- 德国 --- Gėrman --- Герман Улс --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Post-communism - Europe, Eastern.

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339 <4-11> --- 658.11 <4-11> --- 339 <47 + 57> --- 658.11 <47 + 57> --- Joint ventures --- -Joint ventures --- -Technology transfer --- -EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- 382.51 --- 382.50 --- 330.540 --- 338.043 --- 347.721.1 --- Selected papers from the 4th World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies, Harrogate, July 1990. --- NBB congres --- Technological transfer --- Transfer of technology --- Diffusion of innovations --- Inventions --- Research, Industrial --- Technology and international relations --- Foreign licensing agreements --- Technological forecasting --- Technological innovations --- Technology --- Adventures, Joint --- Joint adventures --- Joint undertakings --- Ventures, Joint --- Partnership --- International business enterprises --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- Kinds and forms of enterprise--Oost-Europa --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--?<47+57> --- Kinds and forms of enterprise--?<47+57> --- Congresses --- Aard, belang en evolutie. Handelsbalans. J curve. --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica. --- Verenigingen in deelneming. Joint ventures. Economisch samenwerkingsverband. --- International cooperation --- Europe, Eastern --- Soviet Union --- -Soviet Union --- -East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Economic integration --- -Congresses. --- Foreign economic relations --- -Congresses --- -Economic integration --- 658.11 <47 + 57> Kinds and forms of enterprise--?<47+57> --- 339 <47 + 57> Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--?<47+57> --- 658.11 <4-11> Kinds and forms of enterprise--Oost-Europa --- 339 <4-11> Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- Technology transfer --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- Selected papers from the 4th World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies, Harrogate, July 1990 --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica --- Verenigingen in deelneming. Joint ventures. Economisch samenwerkingsverband --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden --- Aard, belang en evolutie. Handelsbalans. J curve --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- East Europe --- Congresses. --- Europe [Eastern ] --- Soviet Union - Foreign economic relations - Congresses. --- Europe, Eastern - Foreign economic relations - Congresses. --- Soviet Union - Economic integration - Congresses. --- Europe, Eastern - Economic integration - Congresses. --- Technology transfer - Soviet Union - Congresses. --- Technology transfer - Europe, Eastern - Congresses. --- Joint ventures - Soviet Union - Congresses. --- Joint ventures - Europe, Eastern - Congresses. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS