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When maritime transport and communication depended on muscle and wind-power, the Mediterranean Sea functioned as a symbiotic force between the civilisations which surrounded it, at once the major dividing barrier and the major connecting element. In this study, the technological limitations of maritime traffic are considered in conjunction with the peculiar geographical conditions within which it operated, and which led to the establishment of major sea lanes on trunk routes along which traffic could move safely, efficiently, and economically. These trunk routes remained virtually unchanged from antiquity to the sixteenth century, and eventually constituted economic and strategic maritime frontiers between civilisations. At the same time, the technological limitations of the oared galley meant that coasts and islands along the trunk routes had also to be held, a necessity which favoured geographically the Christian West over the world of Byzantium and Islam.
339 <09> <262> --- -Navigation, Primitive --- Handelsgeschiedenis--Middellandse Zee --- History, Naval. --- -Handelsgeschiedenis--Middellandse Zee --- 339 <09> <262> Handelsgeschiedenis--Middellandse Zee --- Navigation --- Navigation, Primitive --- Locomotion --- Orientation --- Nautical astronomy --- Naval art and science --- Pilots and pilotage --- History --- Mediterranean Region --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region --- History. --- Mediterranean region --- History [Naval ] --- Arts and Humanities --- Histoire --- Méditerranée, Région de la --- History, Naval --- Histoire navale --- NAVIGATION --- MEDITERRANEE (REGION) --- BATEAUX --- CONSTRUCTION --- Mediterranee (region) --- 7e-16e siecles
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Commerce --- History --- Histoire --- Europe --- Mediterranean Region --- Méditerranée, Région de la --- Middle Ages --- 339 <09> <262> --- 339 <09> "04/14" --- -380.9 --- Dark Ages --- History, Medieval --- Medieval history --- Medieval period --- World history, Medieval --- World history --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medievalism --- Renaissance --- Handelsgeschiedenis--Middellandse Zee --- Handelsgeschiedenis--Middeleeuwen --- -Congresses --- Social sciences Commerce History --- Italy --- -History --- -Congresses. --- 339 <09> "04/14" Handelsgeschiedenis--Middeleeuwen --- 339 <09> <262> Handelsgeschiedenis--Middellandse Zee --- Méditerranée, Région de la --- Repubblica italiana (1946- ) --- Italian Republic (1946- ) --- Włochy --- Regno d'Italia (1861-1946) --- Iṭalyah --- Italia --- Italie --- Italien --- Italii︠a︡ --- Kgl. Italienische Regierung --- Königliche Italienische Regierung --- إيطاليا --- Īṭāliyā --- جمهورية الإيطالية --- Jumhūrīyah al-Īṭālīyah --- Італія --- Італьянская Рэспубліка --- Italʹi︠a︡nskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Италия --- Италианска република --- Italianska republika --- Ιταλία --- Ιταλική Δημοκρατία --- Italikē Dēmokratia --- 이탈리아 --- It'allia --- 이탈리아 공화국 --- It'allia Konghwaguk --- איטליה --- רפובליקה האיטלקית --- Republiḳah ha-Iṭalḳit --- Lýðveldið Ítalía --- Itālija --- Itālijas Republika --- Italijos Respublika --- Olaszország --- Olasz Köztársaság --- イタリア --- Itaria --- イタリア共和国 --- Itaria Kyōwakoku --- Italiya Respublikasi --- Италия Республикаси --- Italii︠a︡ Respublikasi --- Итальянская Республика --- Італійська Республіка --- Italiĭsʹka Respublika --- İtalya --- İtalya Cumhuriyeti --- איטאליע --- Iṭalye --- 意大利 --- Yidali --- 意大利共和国 --- Yidali Gongheguo --- Laško --- Commerçants --- 380.9 --- Sardinia (Italy) --- Merchants --- Mediterranean region --- Congresses --- Medieval, 500-1500 --- Middle Ages, 500-1500 --- Італійська Республіка --- Middle Ages - Congresses --- Commerçants
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