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Capital productivity --- Industrial productivity --- Wages and labor productivity --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe de l'Est --- Economic policy --- Politique économique --- Economic policy. --- AA / International- internationaal --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- 333.400 --- 330.540 --- 331 <4-11> --- 336.74 <4-11> --- 332.630 --- -Industrial productivity --- -Wages and labor productivity --- -330.84/.86 <4-11> --- 338.24 <4-11> --- marche du travail --- politique monetaire --- theories economiques --- economie planifiee --- Annual improvement factor --- Labor productivity and wages --- Wages --- Industrial engineering --- Labor productivity --- Productivity bargaining --- Productivity, Industrial --- TFP (Total factor productivity) --- Total factor productivity --- Industrial efficiency --- Production (Economic theory) --- Capital output ratios --- Productivity of capital --- Government productivity --- Geldwezen: algemeenheden. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Arbeid. Labour economics. Arbeidseconomie--Oost-Europa --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Oost-Europa --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- arbeidsmarkt --- monetair beleid --- economische theorieen --- planeconomie --- 336.74 <4-11> Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Oost-Europa --- 331 <4-11> Arbeid. Labour economics. Arbeidseconomie--Oost-Europa --- Politique économique --- 330.84/.86 <4-11> --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Geldwezen: algemeenheden --- Industrial productivity - Europe, Eastern. --- Wages and labor productivity - Europe, Eastern. --- Capital productivity - Europe, Eastern. --- Europe, Eastern - Economic policy.

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The two papers draw from the brief yet radical reform experiences of five countries-Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The first paper describes the financial sector reforms untertaken by these countries since the 1980s, as well as the problems encountered. It also discusses the roles privatization, stabilization policies, and prudential supervision can play in the financial sector development of these countries. The second paper analyzes the different exchange arrangements as they apply to previously centrally planned economies; examines the general arguments for convertability in these countries; and considers the desirable degree of exchange rate flexibility.

International finance --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Financial institutions --- -Foreign exchange --- -Capital market --- -Banks and banking --- -Monetary policy --- -Privatization --- -EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- 333.825 --- 336.62 --- 382.30 --- 333.451.1 --- 339.7 <4-11> --- 339.742 <4-11> --- 336.7 <4-11> --- 336.71 <4-11> --- 336.74 <4-11> --- 339.7 --- (4-11) --- $?$93/07 --- 330.05 --- 332.10947 --- Denationalization --- Privatisation --- Contracting out --- Corporatization --- Government ownership --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Money --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- Currency crises --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies. --- Financiële hervormingen en saneringen. --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden. --- Wisselkoersen. --- Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336})--Oost-Europa --- Betalingsverdragen--Oost-Europa --- Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen--Oost-Europa --- Bankwezen--Oost-Europa --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Oost-Europa --- Working papers --- Banks and banking --- Capital market --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary policy --- Privatization --- 336.74 <4-11> Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Oost-Europa --- 336.71 <4-11> Bankwezen--Oost-Europa --- 336.7 <4-11> Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen--Oost-Europa --- 339.742 <4-11> Betalingsverdragen--Oost-Europa --- 339.7 <4-11> Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336})--Oost-Europa --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- Wisselkoersen --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies --- Financiële hervormingen en saneringen --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Currency --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Exchange rates --- Stock markets --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Financial markets --- Credit --- Currencies --- Balance of payments --- Stock exchanges --- Poland, Republic of