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Pension trusts --- -351.84*4 EUR --- -331.252 --- Uh8 --- Ob2.2 --- Employee pension trusts --- Pension funds --- Pension plans --- Trusts and trustees --- Taxation --- -Law and legislation --- -Taxation --- -Competition --- Law and legislation --- z European Union countries. --- Competition --- Z European Union countries. --- -Pension trusts --- 351.84*4 EUR --- 331.252 --- Taxation&delete& --- Law and legislation&delete& --- z European Union countries --- European Union countries --- Pensions --- Government policy --- Law --- International unification

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Business economics --- Social security law --- AA / International- internationaal --- 332.832 --- 332.834 --- 368.40 --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen. --- Pensioensparen. --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden. --- Pensions. --- 331.252 --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Pensions --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Pensioensparen --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden

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Pension systems in most industrialised countries are unfunded, i.e. they are pay-as-you-go financed and thus depend on a well-balanced ratio (old) recipients to (young) contributors. This so-called dependency ratio will worsen significantly in the next few decades due to two developments: ageing of the population and increased labour mobility. This book analyses the viability of unfunded pension systems in the presence of the projected demographic evolution. The analysis focuses on questions concerning: efficiency considerations and the possibility of welfare improvements; political economy aspects and the feasibility of reforms, and; the process of European integration and its influence on national pension systems. The theoretical analysis is complemented in numerous ways by quantitative parts and institutional details. The consequences of the demographic crisis for the distribution of the pension burden within and across generations and in an international context are illustrated with respect to the specific situation in Germany and other European countries. It is shown for different settings of political power distribution and for different degrees of mobility what would happen without any reforms and what could and should be done to guarantee the survival of old-age security based on a fair sharing of the pension burden. Neither explosion nor erosion is the inevitable fate of unfunded pension systems. But to avoid either happening, fundamental reforms are necessary as soon as possible which loosen at least partially the intergenerational dependencies and thus reduce the pressure from the changing population structure on old-age security.

AA / International- internationaal --- 368.43 --- 332.832 --- Pensions. --- Emigration and immigration --- -Demographic transition --- 331.252 --- Transition, Demographic --- Vital revolution (Demography) --- Demography --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen. --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen. --- Economic aspects --- Demographic transition. --- Pensions --- Emigration et immigration --- Transition démographique --- Economic aspects. --- Aspect économique --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Business & Economics --- Politics & government. --- Welfare & benefit systems. --- Old age pensions. --- International --- Economics. --- Employees --- OASI (Old age and survivors insurance) --- Old age and survivors insurance --- Older people --- Survivors' benefits (Old age pensions)

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Reforms to pension policies inevitably face challenges and potential trade-offs. These include the desirability of providing adequate replacement income and tackling problems of poverty in old age; the imbalance between time spent in work and in retirement; the appropriate mix of different forms of retirement income provisions; the labour market implications of different approaches to financing pensions; and the potential complexities of meeting short-term and long-term policy objectives. This book addresses these and other issues through a critical appraisal of the practical lessons of public pension reforms over the past decade in Central and Eastern Europe, and how they compare with reforms in other OECD member countries. Countries covered include the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Latvia, the Russian Federation and Lithuania, as well as Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. 1. Motivations, purposes and processes of pension reforms.- 2. Policy choice and constraints.- 3. The well-being of older people and the distributional consequences of pension reform.- 4. implementation of pension reform proposals.

331.25 --- 351.84*4 --- pension --- politique sociale --- demographie --- secteur public --- pays de l'ocde --- AA / International- internationaal --- 339.325.5 --- 332.832 --- 332.833 --- 331.252 --- 09.11. --- Social security --- -Old age pensions --- -Pensions --- 351.84*4 Pensioenwetgeving --- Pensioenwetgeving --- 331.25 Pensioenen. Bedrijfspensioen --- Pensioenen. Bedrijfspensioen --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Employees --- OASI (Old age and survivors insurance) --- Old age and survivors insurance --- Older people --- Survivors' benefits (Old age pensions) --- Pensions --- Insurance, Social --- Insurance, State and compulsory --- Social insurance --- Insurance --- Income maintenance programs --- pensioen --- sociale politiek --- demografie --- openbare sector --- oeso landen --- Gezondheidszorg. --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen. --- Sociale verzekeringen en sociale voorzieningen. --- Sociale verzekering ; Meerdere landen --- Old age pensions --- Pensions de vieillesse --- Sécurité sociale --- 09.11 --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Sociale verzekeringen en sociale voorzieningen --- Gezondheidszorg

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Old age pensions --- 368.4 --- Employees --- OASI (Old age and survivors insurance) --- Old age and survivors insurance --- Older people --- Retirement pensions --- Survivors' benefits (Old age pensions) --- Pensions --- Sociale verzekering --- 368.4 Sociale verzekering --- Old age pensions. --- CL / Chile - Chili --- 339.311.6 --- 368.03 --- 331.252 --- Beleid met betrekking tot het sparen (zie pensioensparen 332.834). --- Economische functie en beleggingspolitiek van de verzekeringen. --- Pensions de vieillesse --- Personnes âgées --- Government policy --- Politique gouvernementale --- 332.832 --- 332.834 --- 333.52 --- 336.024 --- 368.43 --- 658.324 --- AA / International- internationaal --- AU / Australia - Australië - Australie --- GB / United Kingdom - Verenigd Koninkrijk - Royaume Uni --- MY / Malaysia - Maleisië - Malaisie --- NBB congres --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Pensioensparen --- Institutionele beleggers --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Beleid met betrekking tot het sparen (zie pensioensparen 332.834) --- Economische functie en beleggingspolitiek van de verzekeringen --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- Pensioenen. Verzekeringen --- Conferences - Meetings