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330.35 <6> --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- 330.35 <6> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Capitalism --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Nigeria --- Economic policy. --- Economic policy
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Economic development --- 330.35 <6> --- 338 <6> --- 338 <6> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Afrika --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Afrika --- 330.35 <6> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Social aspects --- Africa --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Developing countries: economic development problems
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339.56 <6> --- 330.35 <6> --- Buitenlands handelsverkeer. Internationaal handelsverkeer. Invoer. Uitvoer. Doorvoer--Afrika --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- -Africa, Sub-Saharan --- -Africa, Black --- Africa, Subsaharan --- Africa, Tropical --- Africa South of the Sahara --- Black Africa --- Sub-Sahara Africa --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Subsahara Africa --- Subsaharan Africa --- Tropical Africa --- Commerce --- Commercial policy --- -Commerce --- 330.35 <6> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- 339.56 <6> Buitenlands handelsverkeer. Internationaal handelsverkeer. Invoer. Uitvoer. Doorvoer--Afrika --- Africa, Black --- Commerce. --- Commercial policy.
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330.35 <6> --- 339.96 (6) --- 813 Methodologie --- 825 Ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- 830 Economie --- 841 Politiek Bestel --- 844.6 Samenlevingsproblemen --- 881.1 Oost-Afrika --- 881 Afrika --- 883 Azië --- 339.96 (6) Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek--Afrika --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek--Afrika --- 330.35 <6> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Africa --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Africa, Black --- Africa, Subsaharan --- Africa, Tropical --- Africa South of the Sahara --- Black Africa --- Sub-Sahara Africa --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Subsahara Africa --- Subsaharan Africa --- Tropical Africa --- Economic conditions --- Congresses. --- Economic policy --- Developing countries: economic development problems
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Economic assistance --- 338.2 --- 339.7 --- 338.340 --- 338.341.1 --- 339.113 --- AFR / Africa - Afrika - Afrique --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 330.35 <6> --- 339.727.2 --- 339.96 (6) --- 339.727.2 Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- 339.96 (6) Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek--Afrika --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek--Afrika --- 330.35 <6> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Congresses --- Economische politiek en planning (alg.) --- Internationale financiën --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld --- Buitenlandse investeringen --- Africa --- Asia --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Economic policy --- Congresses. --- Developing countries: economic development problems
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International economic relations --- East Africa --- Economic stabilization --- Industrial policy --- Stabilisation économique --- Politique industrielle --- Kenya --- Tanzania --- Tanzanie --- Commercial policy --- Politique commerciale --- Economic policy --- 339.54 <6> --- 330.35 <6> --- Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel--Afrika --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Commercial policy. --- Economic policy. --- 339.54 <6> Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel--Afrika --- 330.35 <6> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Stabilisation économique --- Ab'i︠a︡dnanai︠a︡ Rėspublika Tanzanii︠a︡ --- Henōmenē Dēmokratia tēs Tanzanias --- Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania --- Obedinena republika Tanzanii︠a︡ --- Obʺedinennai︠a︡ Respublika Tanzanii︠a︡ --- Ob'i︠e︡dnana Respublika Tanzanii︠a︡ --- Tʻan-sang-ni-ya --- Tanganyika and Zanzibar --- Tʻanjania --- Tansangniya --- Tansania --- Tanzanier --- Tanzanii︠a︡ --- Tanzanija --- Tānzāniyā --- Ujedinjena Republika Tanzanija --- United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar --- United Republic of Tanzania --- Τανζανία --- Ενωμένη Δημοκρατία της Τανζανίας --- Аб'яднаная Рэспубліка Танзанія --- Танзания --- Танзанија --- Танзанія --- Уједињена Република Танзанија --- Объединённая Республика Танзания --- Об'єднана Республіка Танзанія --- Обединена република Танзания --- تنزانيا --- タンザニア --- 坦桑尼亚 --- 탄자니아 --- Tanganyika --- Zanzibar --- Cenia --- Chenia --- Colony and Protectorate of Kenya --- GOK --- Government of Kenya --- Jamhuri ya Kenya --- Kenia --- Kenii︠a︡ --- Kenniya --- Kenya Colony and Protectorate --- Ḳenyah --- Kīniyā --- Kīnyā --- Quênia --- Republic of Kenya --- Кения --- קניה --- كينيا --- ケニア --- 肯尼亚 --- East Africa Protectorate --- Kenya - Economic policy --- Tanzania - Economic policy --- Kenya - Commercial policy --- Tanzania - Commercial policy
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In this sophisticated yet accessible analysis of the open economies of Sub-Saharan Africa, Jean-Paul Azam analyses international trade, exchange rate issues, and longer-term growth, taking due account of the distinctive features of African economies. In particular, he examines the informal as well as the formal institutional frameworks which prevail in different African countries and which affect their macroeconomic behaviour. Key issues explored include tariffs and quotas, membership of the CFA Zone, and currency convertibility or inconvertibility, as well as smuggling, corruption, parallel markets in goods and currencies, ethnic diversity and redistribution. Case studies of important macroeconomic events are used to establish basic stylized facts from which the theory emerges, and special attention is paid to the consequences of macroeconomic events for the poor, via the food market or traditional redistribution mechanisms.
Foreign exchange --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Commercial policy --- Commerce --- 330.35 <6> --- 339 <6> --- 339.74 <6> --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Afrika --- Monetaire buitenlandse politiek. Deviezenpolitiek--Afrika --- 339.74 <6> Monetaire buitenlandse politiek. Deviezenpolitiek--Afrika --- 339 <6> Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Afrika --- 330.35 <6> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Artisans --- Economics --- Small business --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- Africa, Black --- Africa, Subsaharan --- Africa, Tropical --- Africa South of the Sahara --- Black Africa --- Sub-Sahara Africa --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Subsahara Africa --- Subsaharan Africa --- Tropical Africa --- Commerce. --- Commercial policy. --- Foreign exchange rates --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Rates of exchange --- Rates --- Economic conditions --- Business, Economy and Management --- Foreign exchange - Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Informal sector (Economics) - Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Africa, Sub-Saharan - Commercial policy --- Africa, Sub-Saharan - Commerce
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Countries in the Middle East and North Africa region have unprecedented opportunities for transforming their economies through accelerated economic growth, but the countries themselves must ensure the necessary conditions. This study, by the Middle Eastern Department, focuses on four areas that are fundamental to growth-enhancing structural changes: improving the region's investment performance, fiscal reform, financial sector reform, and trade liberalization.
331.30 --- 331.31 --- 336.61 --- MEA / Middle East - Midden Oosten - Moyen Orient --- 330.35 <5-011> --- 330.35 <6-17> --- 330.35 <6-17> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--?<6-17> --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--?<6-17> --- 330.35 <5-011> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Financieel beleid --- Africa, North --- Middle East --- Barbary States --- Maghreb --- Maghrib --- North Africa --- Economic policy. --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Fiscal Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy --- Stabilization --- Treasury Policy --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Finance --- Banking --- Expenditure --- Trade liberalization --- Stock markets --- Fiscal stabilization --- Fiscal policy --- Financial markets --- International trade --- Commercial policy --- Expenditures, Public --- Stock exchanges --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry --- Jordan
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Despite economic hardships during the past 20 years, Africa has recently enjoyed positive real economic growth, transformed its economic structures and systems, and improved living standards. Much of this owes to the determined pursuit of growth-oriented adjustment efforts, with IMF support, by nearly 30 African countries. Edited by I.G. Patel, this volume discusses progress made by Africa in the 1980s and prospects and needs for continued development in the 1990s.
Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- 338.96 --- 330.35 <6> --- 338.22 <6> --- 338 <6> --- 338 <6> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Afrika --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Afrika --- 338.22 <6> Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Afrika --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Afrika --- 330.35 <6> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Afrika --- Congresses --- #A9706E --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Investments: Commodities --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Trade: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- International economics --- Finance --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Investment & securities --- Exports --- Debt service --- External debt --- Imports --- Debt relief --- International trade --- Asset and liability management --- Debts, External --- Banks and banking --- Tanzania, United Republic of
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