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Dissertation
Etude multitrophique des effets de différents bio-insecticides sur Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) et Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick), ravageurs de solanacées et sur leur ennemi naturel Macrolophus Pygmaeus (Rambur)
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2017 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

Trehalose is one of the most important carbohydrates stocks in insects. This molecule can be transformed into glucose thanks to an enzyme called trehalase. Phloridzin, amygdalin and validamycin A are trehalase inhibitors. Some studies have shown their bio-insecticide potential. For this reason, these inhibitors were tested on two pests of Solanaceous, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), in order to assess their impact on mortality. Then, artificial diets were prepared and were given to them instead of natural diets. In the case of M. persicae, two concentrations (10 et 25 µg/ml) were tested. Only one significant difference was noted for all inhibitors with an amount of 25 µg/ml and after 48 hours. For experiments on T. absoluta, three concentrations of phloridzin (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml) were assessed and only one (100 µg/ml) was evaluated for amygdalin and validamycin A. In an integrated pest management (IPM) context, lethal impact of inhibitors was also studied on their common natural enemy, Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur), thanks to a multitrophic study including M. persicae. No inhibitor-dependent mortality was found in the case of T. absoluta nor M. pygmaeus. Then, two proteomic analyzes (2D-DIGE) were conducted on aphids to increase knowledges about mode of action of trehalase inhibitors. Firstly, a dissuasive effect of phloridzin was highlighted. Moreover, a decrease of energetic metabolism and disturbances at several metabolic pathways were found with the ingestion of amygdalin and validamycin A. Finally, tobacco plants were treated with these inhibitors (25 µg/ml) before or after M. persicae infestation. Validamycin A treatment after infestation was the only one to show a significant difference in terms of mortality. Le tréhalose est la plus importante réserve d’hydrates de carbone chez les insectes. Ce dernier peut être transformé en glucose grâce à une enzyme, la tréhalase. La phloridzine, l’amygdaline et la validamycine A sont tous les trois des inhibiteurs cette enzyme. Quelques études ont révélé leur potentiel en tant que bio-insecticide. C’est pourquoi, ces derniers ont été testés sur deux ravageurs de Solanacées, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) et Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), afin d’évaluer leur impact sur la mortalité de ces derniers. Pour ce faire, des diètes artificielles ont été préparées et données à ceux-ci en tant que seule source alimentaire. Pour M. persicae, les inhibiteurs ont été testés à raison de 10 et 25 µg/ml. Après 48 heures, une augmentation significative de la mortalité de M. persicae a été constatée uniquement avec une concentration de 25 µg/ml. Dans le cas de T. absoluta, la phloridzine a été testée à des concentrations de 25, 50 et 100 µg/ml alors que les deux autres inhibiteurs ont été évalués avec une dose de 100 µg/ml. Dans une perspective de lutte intégrée, l’effet létal des inhibiteurs a également été étudié sur leur ennemi naturel commun, Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur), par le biais d’une étude multitrophique impliquant M. persicae. Aucune mortalité dépendante des inhibiteurs n’a été constatée pour T. absoluta et M. pygmaeus. Ensuite, deux études protéomiques (2D-DIGE) ont été entreprises sur le modèle puceron afin de mieux comprendre le mode d’action de ces inhibiteurs. Premièrement, celles-ci ont souligné un effet dissuasif de la phloridzine vis-à-vis de l’alimentation. Deuxièmement, il a été montré que l’amygdaline et la validamycine A entraînent une diminution du métabolisme énergétique ainsi que des perturbations à d’autres voies métaboliques. Finalement, des traitements (25 µg/ml) par aspersion sur plants de tabac ont été réalisés avant et après infestation par M. persicae. Seul le traitement à la validamycine A après infestation a induit une différence significative comparé au témoin.


Book
Plant Proteomic Research 2.0
Author:
ISBN: 3039210637 3039210629 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Advancements in high-throughput “Omics” techniques have revolutionized plant molecular biology research. Proteomics offers one of the best options for the functional analysis of translated regions of the genome, generating a wealth of detailed information regarding the intrinsic mechanisms of plant stress responses. Various proteomic approaches are being exploited extensively for elucidating master regulator proteins which play key roles in stress perception and signaling, and these approaches largely involve gel-based and gel-free techniques, including both label-based and label-free protein quantification. Furthermore, post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, and protein–protein interactions provide deeper insight into protein molecular function. Their diverse applications contribute to the revelation of new insights into plant molecular responses to various biotic and abiotic stressors.

Keywords

14-3-3 proteins --- n/a --- targeted two-dimensional electrophoresis --- somatic embryogenesis --- nitrogen metabolism --- subtilase --- Sporisorium scitamineum --- non-orthodox seed --- antioxidant activity --- sweet potato plants infected by SPFMV --- photosynthesis --- B. acuminata petals --- chlorophyll deficiency --- seed proteomics --- imbibition --- pollination --- Sarpo Mira --- qRT-PCR --- holm oak --- tuber phosphoproteome --- isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) --- Quercus ilex --- nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase --- lettuce --- ?-subunit --- protein phosphatase --- germination --- drought stress --- pyruvate biosynthesis --- weakening of carbon metabolism --- differential proteins --- heterotrimeric G protein --- organ --- LC-MS-based proteomics --- potato proteomics --- smut --- gel-free/label-free proteomics --- ? subunit --- shotgun proteomics --- 2D --- chloroplast --- proteome functional annotation --- Phalaenopsis --- Clematis terniflora DC. --- wheat --- Dn1-1 --- carbon metabolism --- physiological responses --- Zea mays --- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis --- ISR --- mass spectrometric analysis --- patatin --- leaf --- pea (Pisum sativum L.) --- maize --- ergosterol --- Camellia sinensis --- seed storage proteins --- silver nanoparticles --- elevated CO2 --- metacaspase --- SPV2 and SPVG --- SnRK1 --- MALDI-TOF/TOF --- (phospho)-proteomics --- leaf spot --- rice isogenic line --- wheat leaf rust --- pathway analysis --- phosphoproteome --- sugarcane --- senescence --- Oryza sativa L. --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- heat stress --- gene ontology --- innate immunity --- Pseudomonas syringae --- bolting --- chlorophylls --- shoot --- Simmondsia chinensis --- RT-qPCR --- stresses responses --- Solanum tuberosum --- seeds --- GC-TOF-MS --- sucrose --- proteome --- Puccinia recondita --- cultivar --- Zea mays L. --- secondary metabolism --- ROS --- Ricinus communis L. --- after-ripening --- cadmium --- Stagonospora nodorum --- virus induced gene silencing --- quantitative proteomics --- sweet potato plants non-infected by SPFMV --- affinity chromatography --- population variability --- GS3 --- fungal perception --- ammonium --- transcriptome profiling --- mass spectrometry analysis --- papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) --- cold stress --- nitrate --- late blight disease --- early and late disease stages --- seed imbibition --- lesion mimic mutant --- protease --- proteome map --- seed dormancy --- petal --- 2-DE proteomics --- 2D DIGE --- root --- Phytophthora infestans --- differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) --- polyphenol oxidase --- degradome --- flavonoid --- 14-3-3 --- caspase-like --- proteomics --- RGG4 --- co-infection --- plasma membrane --- chlorotic mutation --- Medicago sativa --- RGG3 --- glycolysis --- barley --- 2-DE --- protein phosphorylation --- western blotting --- N utilization efficiency --- rice --- plant pathogenesis responses --- high temperature --- data-independent acquisition --- pattern recognition receptors --- vegetative storage proteins --- leaf cell wall proteome --- plant-derived smoke --- iTRAQ --- starch --- proteome profiling --- Morus

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