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Élaboré depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale par des survivants de l'extermination, le témoignage littéraire des violences politiques de masse va, par son ambition éthique, au rebours des conceptions cyniques ou décoratives de l'art. Il bouleverse les catégories de la philosophie du langage : les faits deviennent inséparables des valeurs, le style de la recherche de la vérité. Au-delà du « devoir de mémoire », le témoignage refonde la notion de littérature mondiale autour des valeurs des droits de l'homme. Après la mort des témoins, toutefois, nombreux sont les auteurs à considérer que la fiction est supérieure à l'histoire. Faux témoignages ou romans historiques occupent désormais le devant de la scène littéraire. L'esthétisation de la violence l'emportera-t-elle sur l'exigence éthique du témoignage ? Prenant notamment appui sur les textes de Primo Levi, de Jean Améry et de Varlam Chalamov, François Rastier étend son analyse aux œuvres d'auteurs tels que Jorge Semprún, Jonathan Littell ou Yannick Haenel, et interroge la « déconstruction » de l'histoire et de la littérature.

1900-2099

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Art, Modern --- 1900-2099

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Chinese drama --- 1900-2099

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The fourth in this series, the Contemporary Archive of the Islamic World (CAIW), this title draws on the resources of Cambridge-based World of Information, which since 1975 has followed the politics and economics of the region. Qatar's documented history begins in the mid-19th Century. Its location established it as having close, if differing links to Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Notionally under Ottoman rule, Qatar did not become a de facto protectorate of Great Britain until some time after the end of the Ottoman empire. The discovery of oil in Qatar happened later than was the case with its neighbours. However, the discovery of substantial oil deposits, and later of enormous gas reserves changed Qatar beyond recognition, allowing it to claim in the 1980s that its inhabitants were the richest people on earth. Still a semi-feudal monarchy, it gained full independence in 1971 but was initially considered to be the least developed state in the Gulf. By the 21st century many close neighbours felt that in a number of respects Qatar was becoming an unreliable partner. To the extent that in 2017 a number of its fellow Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) members, as well as other states - notably Egypt - broke off diplomatic relations.

1900-2099 --- Qatar --- History

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American poetry --- 1900-2099