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Balance of power. --- National security --- Globalization --- Security, International. --- World politics --- Political aspects. --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Philosophy. --- National security - United States. --- Globalization - Political aspects. --- World politics - 1995-2005. --- United States - Foreign relations - 2001 --- -United States - Foreign relations - Philosophy.

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United States --- Foreign relations --- Philosophy --- United States - Foreign relations - 1989-1993 --- United States - Foreign relations - Philosophy --- United States - Foreign relations - 1945-1989 --- U.S. --- CHOMSKY (NOAM), 1928 --- -FOREIGN RELATIONS --- 20th CENTURY

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Kennan, George F. --- World politics --- Strategy --- Realism --- History --- Kennan, George Frost, --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Philosophy --- World politics - 1945-1989 - Case studies --- Strategy - History - 20th century - Case studies --- Realism - Case studies --- Kennan, George Frost, - 1904-2005 --- United States - Foreign relations - 1945-1989 - Case studies --- United States - Foreign relations - Philosophy - Case studies

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American national characteristics --- Amerikaans volkskarakter --- Caractéristiques nationales américaines --- National characteristics [American ] --- Volkskarakter [Amerikaans ] --- National characteristics, American --- Exceptionalism --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Philosophy --- Politics and government --- Présidents --- États-Unis --- Politique et gouvernement --- 21st century --- Politique et gouvernement. --- Exceptionalism - United States --- United States - Foreign relations - Philosophy --- United States - Politics and government - Philosophy --- United States - Politics and government - 21st century

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"America's decision in 1991 to provide air defense to oppressed Kurds in Iraq after the Gulf War ushered in an entirely new era in American foreign policy. Until that moment, the United States had only used military power to defend against threats that its leaders thought would either weaken America's position in the world order or--in the worst case--threaten the homeland. But with this offer to the Kurds, the United States for the first time ever was now militarily involved in states that represented no threat, and with missions that were largely humanitarian and socio-political. After establishing the Kurdish no-fly zone, the US in quick succession intervened in Somalia, Haiti, and Kosovo. Even after 9/11, it decided that it had a duty to not just invade Iraq, but reconstruct Iraqi society along Western lines. In Mission Failure, the eminent scholar Michael Mandelbaum provides a comprehensive history of post-Cold War American foreign policy to show why this new approach was doomed to failure. Mandelbaum argues that all major foreign policy initiatives, both before and after September 11, 2001, had a basic feature in common: all were missions to transform other countries along Western lines, and all failed. This shift in policy did result in several positive effects, including a broad expansion of democracy and strong growth in the global economy. However, the U.S. had neither the capacity nor the will to change societies that were dramatically different from our own. Over two decades later, we can see the wreckage: a broken Iraq, a teetering Afghanistan, and a still-impoverished Haiti. Mandelbaum does not deny that American foreign policy has always had a strong ideological component. Instead, he argues that focusing solely on ideology at the expense of realism generally leads to mission failure"-- "In Mission Failure, Mandelbaum argues that, in the past 25 years, U.S. foreign policy has undergone a significant shift. Historically, U.S. foreign policy was oriented primarily toward threat reduction, but the U.S. military has turned in recent years to missions that are largely humanitarian and socio-political. Mandelbaum argues that ideologically-driven foreign policy--that which seeks to reconstruct societies along Western lines--generally leads to mission failure"--

Ideology --- Realism --- Humanitarian intervention --- Political aspects --- History --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Philosophy --- Military policy --- 20th century --- 21st century --- 1989 --- -United States --- Ideology - Political aspects - United States --- Realism - Political aspects - United States --- Humanitarian intervention - History - 20th century --- Humanitarian intervention - History - 21st century --- United States - Foreign relations - 1989 --- -United States - Foreign relations - Philosophy --- United States - Military policy --- Intervention (International law) --- Empiricism --- Universals (Philosophy) --- Conceptualism --- Dualism --- Idealism --- Materialism --- Nominalism --- Positivism --- Rationalism --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Political science --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Philosophy. --- Military policy.