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S11/0910 --- S11/0810 --- China: Social sciences--Opium and drugs --- China: Social sciences--Secret societies, triads

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"The White Lotus War examines the Qing dynasty's suppression campaign against the White Lotus Rebellion in central China at the turn of the nineteenth century, 1796-1805, marking the end of the Qing golden age and the start of dynastic decline. This study provides detailed accounts and in-depth analyses of the roots and dynamics of the Qing's failure to speedily put down the rebellion. Contrary to common belief in the gravity of the rebellion, it shows that the rebels were far from being able to seriously challenge the Qing and that the major reason the hostilities lasted so long was that the Qing military fought the war halfheartedly and took advantage of the campaign to pursue personal gains, which triggered strife between the throne and military and among military units. The White Lotus war represented a serious political crisis for the Qing, as its central government was no longer able to operate its military machine, which presaged the beginning of disintegration of Qing central power in the mid-nineteenth century. The White Lotus War challenges the assumption that the Qing relied upon local militias and fortification in the countryside to cut supplies and thereby exterminate the rebels. Rather, the Qing's hiring of hundreds of thousands of civilians to aid its operations became a pretext for generals and logistical leaders to misappropriate war funds, resulting in the high cost of the war. The mishandled demobilization of the militiamen then helped prolong the hostilities, when many dismissed troops turned into rebels themselves. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of late imperial and modern Chinese history, and of comparative empires and comparative warfare; the White Lotus war in China immediately preceded the Napoleonic wars in Europe"--

S04/0690 --- S11/0810 --- China: History--Qing: 1644 - 1840 --- China: Social sciences--Secret societies, triads --- China --- History --- HISTORY --- 1796-1820. --- China.

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S11/0810 --- S27/0800 --- S27/0755 --- Secret societies --- -Triads (Organized crime) --- Triads (Organized crime) --- Triad societies --- Organized crime --- Fraternities --- Hazing --- Rites and ceremonies --- Ritual --- Societies --- Sociology --- Initiations (into trades, societies, etc.) --- China: Social sciences--Secret societies, triads --- Hong Kong--Society in general --- Hong Kong--Economic relations with mainland China --- Triads (Gangs) --- Triads (Gangs).

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Secret societies --- #SML: Joseph Spae --- S11/0810 --- China: Social sciences--Secret societies, triads --- Hong men (Society) --- Hung men (Society) --- Hong bang (Society) --- Tian di hui --- Society of Heaven and Earth --- Heaven and Earth Society --- Hongmen (Society) --- Tiandihui --- Hung Society --- 洪門 --- 洪門 (society) --- 洪门 (Society) --- 红门 (Society) --- History of Asia --- China

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The extensive ritual and mythological lore of the Chinese Triads form the scope of this new paperback in Brill's Scholar's List. In it the reader will find a critical evaluation of the extant sources together with a true wealth of context. The core of the book is formed by a close reading of the initiation ritual, including the burning of incense, the altar, the enactment of a journey of life and death, and the blood covenant. Different narrative structures are also presented. These include the messianic demonological paradigm, political legitimation, and the foundation of myth. Triad lore is placed in its own religious and cultural context, allowing radically new conclusions about its origins, meanings and functions. This book is of special interest to social historians, anthropologists, and students of Chinese religious culture.

Triads (Gangs) --- Hong men (Society) --- S11/0810 --- S13A/0403 --- S11/0800 --- China: Social sciences--Secret societies, triads --- China: Religion--Rites, magic, festivals --- China: Social sciences--Associations, guilds --- Hung men (Society) --- Hong bang (Society) --- Tian di hui --- Society of Heaven and Earth --- Heaven and Earth Society --- Hongmen (Society) --- Tiandihui --- Hung Society --- 洪門 --- 洪門 (society) --- 洪门 (Society) --- 红门 (Society) --- Triads (Gangs) - China --- Asian Studies --- Triads (Organized crime) --- Triad societies --- Organized crime