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Public goods are typically defined only in reference to the good itself but, as this book argues, the public goods can be better understood if contextual variables are incorporated. This book discusses the production and provision of public goods. It asserts that changes related to public goods are better understood if the category of goods are not decided solely by the properties of the good itself. We also need to focus on how the enabled utility of a good is influenced by the production and the provision of the good. The book opens with a brief introduction to common conceptions of public goods and a review of the existing literature - highlighting the limitations of current definitions of public goods. It presents a new multi-layered approach to public goods. This has implications for the discourse on public goods and for our understanding of the societal and environmental impact of public goods. The implications are illustrated in several areas; public goods in ancient history, privatization, innovation, competitiveness and prices, democracy and political standards, and economic growth. The book provides a provocative argument for a new way to analyze public goods which will appeal to scholars and students interested in the economic analysis of public goods, arguments regarding the privatizing or nationalizing of production and services, and method of modelling and measuring sustainable business activities.

Public goods.

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Why Democracy Needs Public Goods presents a new theoretical perspective on public goods based on a framework of political philosophy. Angela Kallhoff responds to negative narratives on public goods that point out their role in causing market failures, their cost on public finance and in regulation, and their irregular and sometimes negative effects on social interaction. She instead provides a normative approach arguing for their role in supporting democracies at critical points by providing the basis for a public forum through public space and infrastructure, improving social inclusion throug

Public goods.

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This paper compares two methods to encourage socially optimal provision of a public good. We compare the efficacy of vigilante justice, as represented by peer-to-peer punishment, to delegated policing, as represented by the "hired gun" mechanism, to deter free riding and improve group welfare. The "hired gun" mechanism (Andreoni and Gee, 2011) is an example of a low cost device that promotes complete compliances and minimal enforcement as the unique Nash equilibrium. We find that subjects are willing to pay to hire a delegated policing mechanism over 70% of the time, and that this mechanism increases welfare between 15% to 40%. Moreover, the lion's share of the welfare gain comes because the hired gun crowds out vigilante peer-to-peer punishments.

Public goods.

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Transportation --- Public goods

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De nombreux domaines de notre patrimoine commun sont actuellement en état de siège : l’eau, la terre, les forêts, les pêcheries, les organismes vivants, mais aussi les œuvres créatives, l’information, les espaces publics, les cultures indigènes… Pour proposer une réponse aux multiples crises, économiques, sociales et environnementales, que connaît la notre société actuelle, David Bollier invite à revenir sur cette notion de « communs », un ensemble de pratiques sociales collectives que la modernité industrielle a fait progressivement disparaître. Aujourd’hui, les communs doivent être appréhendés non comme des ressources dont tout le monde aurait la libre jouissance, mais comme un système de coopération et de gouvernance permettant de préserver et de créer des formes de richesse partagée. L’auteur montre comment ils peuvent remédier à nos maux économiques en. Car Cette approche, mettant en avant une théorie plus riche de la valeur que l’économie conventionnelle, implique de nouveaux modèles de production, des formes plus ouvertes et responsables de participation des citoyens ainsi qu’une culture d’innovation sociale. C’est ce dont témoignent les actions et initiatives des différents mouvements des « commoneurs » à travers le monde, déterminés à construire des alternatives vivantes et fonctionnelles à l’étau des grandes technocraties publiques et privées. Cet ouvrage devrait permettre d’éclairer et de promouvoir l’enjeu des communs aussi bien auprès des universitaires et des élus que des militants associatifs et autres citoyens engagés.

Public goods --- Commons --- Capitalism