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À l'évocation des mots photojournalisme ou photographie de guerre, la mémoire convoque des icônes dont les plus anciennes remontent aux années 1920 et 1930. On imagine ainsi que les conflits d'avant la Grande Guerre n'ont été que peints, dessinés et gravés ; figés dans un héroïsme un peu innocent avant que les violences du XXe siècle ne soient saisies sur pellicule dans leur réalisme cauchemardesque. Des albums privés des soldats coloniaux aux fonds des premières agences d'images, ce livre, véritable archéologie de la photographie de conflit, est une invitation, et une éducation, à lire l'image-choc pour la désarmer plutôt que la subir. L'auteur se focalise sur les clichés de la violence physique et de la destruction armée, pris non pas comme de simples illustrations mais comme les supports d'une relation sociale. Dans ce monde de la fin du XIXe siècle, les conflits se multiplient de façon inédite et les abus coloniaux ponctuent les conquêtes. En les capturant, l'appareil photographique, devenu portable et abordable, transforme profondément l'économie visuelle de la violence, et ce bien avant 1914. Au-delà d'une histoire des photographies des corps brutalisés et des violences armées, cet ouvrage, loin d'une pornographie du désastre, est aussi une proposition. Comment présenter des photographies montrant les atrocités indicibles pour les penser et en faire l'histoire ? L'observateur, y compris lorsque son regard plonge au cœur des ténèbres, peut retrouver dans les photographies les hommes et les femmes du passé, et non des victimes passives et anonymes figées sur le papier.
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Education --- Photography in historiography. --- Historiography --- Historiography.
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Legal photography. --- Photographs --- Photography in historiography. --- Dating.
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Photography --- Photography in historiography --- Historiography and photography --- History
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Considers five documentary sequences or narratives: the antebellum portraits of Mathew Brady and others; the Civil War albums of Alexander Gardner, George Barnard and A.J. Russell; the Western survey and landscape photographs of Timothy O'Sullivan, A.J. Russell, and Carleton Watkins; and social photographs and texts by Alfred Stieglitz and Lewis Hine; as well as documentaries inspired by the Depression, esp. Walker Evans's American Photographs.
Documentary photography --- Photography in historiography. --- Photographie documentaire --- Photographie en historiographie --- History. --- Histoire --- 77.01 --- CDL --- Historiography --- Photography, Documentary --- Photography --- United States --- History --- Photography in historiography
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Eyewitnessing evaluates the place of images among other kinds of historical evidence. By reviewing the many varieties of images by region, period and medium, and looking at the pragmatic uses of images (e.g. the Bayeux Tapestry, an engraving of a printing press, a reconstruction of a building), Peter Burke sheds light on our assumption that these practical uses are ‘reflections’ of specific historical meanings and influences. He also shows how this assumption can be problematic.Traditional art historians have depended on two types of analysis when dealing with visual imagery: iconography and iconology. Burke describes and evaluates these approaches, concluding that they are insufficient. Focusing instead on the medium as message and on the social contexts and uses of images, he discusses both religious images and political ones, also looking at images in advertising and as commodities.Ultimately, Burke’s purpose is to show how iconographic and post-iconographic methods – psychoanalysis, semiotics, viewer response, deconstruction – are both useful and problematic to contemporary historians
History as a science --- World history --- historiography --- images [object genre] --- History --- Photography in historiography. --- Methodology. --- Evaluation.
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World War, 1939-1945 --- Photography in historiography. --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Photographie en historiographie --- Historiography. --- Historiographie
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