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Non-tariff trade barriers

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One feature of globalization is that barriers to international competition have come to be associated with differences in regulatory policies that increase the costs of engaging in cross-border sales. Such non-tariff measures (NTMs) have attracted growing attention from policy makers and raise important questions for policy research. This book provides a valuable overview of key issues related to NTMs and domestic regulation. It covers the classification and definition of NTMs, new sources of data on NTMs, the impacts of (different types of) NTMs, the challenges that confront efforts to reduce the negative trade effects of NTMs and what can and should be done through international cooperation to promote good practices in the design and implementation of NTMs. The contributors comprise a mix of leading trade policy experts - both academics and practitioners - and younger researchers who have specialized in the analysis of NTMs.

Non-tariff trade barriers --- Law and legislation.

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Non-tariff trade barriers --- Econometric models.

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The official definition of NTMs is broad: NTMs are policy measures other than ordinary customs tariffs that can potentially have an economic effect on international trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices or both. A detailed classification is therefore critical in order to clearly identify and distinguish among the various forms of NTMs.The MAST group extensively discussed and developed the International Classification of NTMs between 2007 – 2017. It agreed upon the first version of this classification in 2012. Later the classification was further developed and finalized in 2017 with Chapter J-O fully developed. The classification is ever evolving and adapting to the reality of international trade and data collection needs.The International Classification of NTMs follows a taxonomy of all measures considered relevant in today's international trade. It comprises technical measures, such as sanitary or environmental protection measures. Moreover, it also includes other measures traditionally used as instruments of commercial policy, e.g. quotas, price control, exports restrictions, or contingent trade protective measures. Finally, the International Classification of NTMs also comprises behind-the-border measures, such as competition, trade-related investment measures, government procurement or distribution restrictions.The classification does not judge on legitimacy, adequacy, necessity or discrimination of any form of policy intervention used in international trade. It acknowledges existence and is designed to organize information in a database format.

Non-tariff trade barriers --- International trade --- Commerce

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Non-tariff trade barriers --- International economic relations.