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Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937.

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This book explores the massacre that occurred after the Japanese captured the Chinese capital of Nanjing in December 1937. In January 1938, three American diplomats arrived in Nanjing and sent numerous atrocity reports to the U.S. and U.S. diplomatic posts, extensively documenting the situation and the American diplomatic role.

Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937. --- Diplomats --- Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 --- Atrocities --- Nanjing (Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- History

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Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1937-1945 --- Nanjing Shi (China)

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Over the past two decades, many states have heard demands that they recognize and apologize for historic wrongs. Such calls have not elicited uniform or predictable responses. While some states have apologized for past crimes, others continue to silence, deny, and relativize dark pasts. What explains the tremendous variation in how states deal with past crimes? When and why do states change the stories they tell about their dark pasts.Dark Pasts argues that international pressures increase the likelihood of change in official narratives about dark pasts, but domestic considerations determine the content of such change. Rather than simply changing with the passage of time, persistence, or rightness, official narratives of dark pasts are shaped by interactions between political factors at the domestic and international levels. Unpacking the complex processes through which international pressures and domestic dynamics shape states' narratives, Jennifer M. Dixon analyzes the trajectories over the past sixty years of Turkey's narrative of the 1915-17 Armenian Genocide and Japan's narrative of the 1937-38 Nanjing Massacre. While both states' narratives started from similar positions of silencing, relativizing, and denial, Japan has come to express regret and apologize for the Nanjing Massacre, while Turkey has continued to reject official wrongdoing and deny the genocidal nature of the violence.Combining historical richness and analytical rigor, Dark Pasts unravels the complex processes through which such narratives are constructed and contested, and offers an innovative way to analyze narrative change. Her book sheds light on the persistent presence of the past and reveals how domestic politics functions as a filter that shapes the ways in which states' narratives change-or do not-over time.

Historiography --- Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Armenian genocide, 1915-1923 --- Political aspects --- History --- Historiography.

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This work contains a collection of British diplomatic documents, Royal Navy reports, and US naval intelligence reports pertaining to the Nanjing Massacre. These newly unearthed documents enhance our knowledge and understanding of the scope and depth of the tragedy.

Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Nanjing (Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- History --- China --- Massacres