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S'il est vrai que la cinétose prend naissance dans un conflit entre les afférences sensorielles visuelles, labyrinthiques et proprioceptives expérimenté lors d'un mouvement subis à bord d'un véhicule, il existe également un large éventail de facteurs extérieurs et environnementaux favorisant ce phénomène . De même, toutes les personnes n'auront pas la même propension à se sentir malades lors de leurs déplacements : une composante psychique et émotionnelle importante faisant partie intrinsèque de la cinétose. Diverses études anciennes et plus actuelles ayant porté sur les mécanismes menant à toute la physiopathologie typique de la cinétose nous enseignent que les médicaments présentant la meilleure balance bénéfice-risque sont les antihistaminiques H1 de première génération. Des études plus récentes quant à elles tentent de mettre en avant les vertus du rhizome de gingembre dans cette même indication.Au mépris sans doute de preuves scientifiques solides, l'homéopathie, l'aromathérapie et d'autres solutions plus ou moins efficaces inondent les pharmacies de voyage des vaca nciers. Outre l'étude détaillée du phénomène global de la cinétose et de son traitement, le présent mémoire apportera également un certain nombre de conseils non pharmacologiques toujours utiles à rappeler en première intention aux patients. While it remains true to say that motion sickness takes place in the context of a neural mismatch involving sensatory inputs from the otolith organs, semicircular canals, eyes and somatosensory receptors, there is also a huge panel of environmental factors that play an important role. Not everyone will experience motion sickness in the same way – effects will differ depending on an individual’s subjective and emotional sides. Scientists have for many years published papers explaining all the mechanisms leading to motion sickness and how this knowledge should orientate our treatment options to the first class antihistamines that seem to have the best benefit/risk balance. Some newer studies tend to make us aware of the powerful effect of Zingiber officinalis rhizome powder in this indication. Although there is a huge lack of evidence about the efficacy of treatments such as homeopathy, aromatherapy and similar remedies, this type of parallel medicine seems to be common in our home and travel pharmacies. Besides a global approach and a more in-depth study of the motion sickness phenomenon, this memoir will guide you through some basic non-pharmacologic advice that everyone should be aware of.Whilte it remains true to say that motion sickness takes place in the context of a neural mismatch involving sensatory inputs

Motion Sickness --- Histamine H1 Antagonists

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Pathology --- Motion sickness --- Motion Sickness. --- Air Sickness --- Car Sickness --- Sea Sickness --- Airsickness --- Carsickness --- Seasickness --- Sickness, Air --- Sickness, Car --- Sickness, Motion --- Sickness, Sea --- Motion Sickness --- Travel-Related Illness --- Air sickness --- Car sickness --- Sea sickness --- Train sickness --- Vestibular apparatus --- Diseases

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Virtual reality --- Motion sickness --- Simulator sickness --- Synthetic training devices --- Health aspects

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One of the promises of autonomous cars is that these will allow drivers to become passengers, and therefore to be engaged in many tasks other than driving such as working, reading or relaxing. However, there exists an increased risk of motion sickness incidence in self-driving cars, thus preventing people suffering from this state from devoting themselves to these tasks. As a consequence, the user acceptance and uptake of autonomous cars could be negatively affected, limiting the benefits this emerging technology may provide. To avoid the negative impact motion sickness could have on autonomous car adoption, this problem has to be investigated and appropriate countermeasures have to be developed. 

A first step in the development of a solution consists in detecting early signs of motion sickness, allowing so to initiate the triggering of various processes intended to alleviate the symptoms associated with motion sickness. The aim of this thesis is to identify physiological parameters that are indicative of motion sickness, and to determine the relevance of ocular parameters for predicting this state. Indeed, ocular data could be easily recorded in autonomous cars through integrated high precision cameras. 

A protocol to acquire data in context is first designed. This protocol aims at inducing motion sickness in 2 different ways. The first one consists in driving in a fixed-base driving simulator. The second one consists in performing some tasks on paper while being a passenger in a moving car. Twenty subjects took part to the protocol. Severe motion sickness was reported by 3 and 9 participants, during the session in simulator and the session in car respectively. The analysis of the collected data shows that heart rate, electrodermal and gastric activities increase with motion sickness. Machine learning models are then trained with ocular data as inputs, and a 3-level score, reflecting the severity of motion sickness, as ground truth. The results suggest that ocular data alone cannot predict motion sickness, but that it may be appropriate to combine it with other physiological data in order to predict motion sickness.

motion sickness --- data acquisition --- physiological data analysis --- autonomous cars --- ocular parameters --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres

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This book provides a concise overview of VR systems and their cybersickness effects, giving a description of possible reasons and existing solutions to reduce or avoid them. Moreover, the book explores the impact that understanding how efficiently our brains are producing a coherent and rich representation of the perceived outside world would have on helping VR technics to be more efficient and friendly to use. Getting Rid of Cybersickness will help readers to understand the underlying technics and social stakes involved, from engineering design to autonomous vehicle motion sickness to video games, with the hope of providing an insight of VR sickness induced by the emerging immersive technologies. This book will therefore be of interest to academics, researchers and designers within the field of VR, as well as industrial users of VR and driving simulators.

Computer graphics. --- Optical data processing. --- Neurology . --- Computer engineering. --- Internet of things. --- Embedded computer systems. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Computer Graphics. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Neurology. --- Cyber-physical systems, IoT. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Embedded systems (Computer systems) --- Computer systems --- Architecture Analysis and Design Language --- IoT (Computer networks) --- Things, Internet of --- Computer networks --- Embedded Internet devices --- Machine-to-machine communications --- Computers --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Digital techniques --- Design and construction --- Diseases --- Optical equipment --- Virtual reality. --- Simulator sickness. --- Motion sickness. --- Air sickness --- Airsickness --- Car sickness --- Carsickness --- Sea sickness --- Seasickness --- Train sickness --- Vestibular apparatus --- Cybersickness --- Environment sickness, Virtual --- Simulator motion sickness --- VE sickness --- Virtual environment sickness --- Motion sickness --- Synthetic training devices --- Virtual reality --- Environments, Virtual --- Virtual environments --- Virtual worlds --- Computer simulation --- Reality --- Health aspects