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Meiobenthology is the science of the tiny animals that live in huge numbers in all aquatic sediments. This fully revised and enlarged second edition emphasizes new discoveries and developments in this field. Major progress has been made in three general areas: Systematics, diversity and distribution Ecology, food webs, and energy flow Environmental aspects, including studies of anthropogenic impacts The meiobenthos of polar and tropical regions, deep-sea bottoms and hydrothermal vents are now studied in more detail. The high number of species found to survive under such extreme conditions puts them at the forefront of biodiversity studies. Molecular screening methods enable large numbers to be analyzed upon applying reasonable effort. The aim of this book is to synthesize these modern scientific achievements such that meiobenthology can play a key role in aquatic research and in assessing the health of our environment. From the reviews of the first edition: "Giere's scholarly but readable monograph on the meiobenthos will be welcomed by all aquatic benthic ecologists." Nature "Every librarian and every practicing meiobenthologist should have a copy of this book." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.

Aquatic animals. --- Meiofauna --- Benthos --- Ecology --- Animal Geography --- Zoology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Meiofauna. --- Benthos. --- Aquatic fauna --- Water animals --- Benthal organisms --- Benthic organisms --- Benthonic organisms --- Meiobenthos --- Life sciences. --- Ecology. --- Microbiology. --- Zoology. --- Invertebrates. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Life Sciences. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Animals --- Aquatic organisms --- Aquatic biology --- Aquatic invertebrates --- Interstitial animals

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In this Special Issue, we address the state of the art of the systematics of the main annelid groups and the improvements in the diversity they hold, with special emphasis on the latest discoveries in well-studied areas, expeditions to unsurveyed areas or environments, or the use of novel techniques that allow for the improvement of biodiversity knowledge. We are hoping that this Special Issue will provide a platform facilitating a review of current knowledge on the subject, identifying current research problems, as well as indicating directions and research trends for the future.

biodiversity --- biology --- distribution --- diversity --- ecology --- phylogeny --- taxonomy --- DNA-barcoding --- Oligochaeta --- cryptic species --- Oweniidae --- Magelonidae --- anatomy --- annelida --- invertebrates --- peanut worms --- pseudocryptic --- species complex --- Annelida --- polychaetes --- biodiversity assessment --- geographical distribution --- methods --- knowledge gaps --- marine invertebrate --- jaw --- maxillae --- polychaete --- Polychaeta --- Dorvilleidae --- Eunicidae --- Hartmaniellidae --- Histriobdellidae --- Lumbrineridae --- Oenonidae --- Onuphidae --- systematics --- identification --- meiobenthos --- annelids --- Opheliidae --- Scalibregmatidae --- adaptation --- habitat --- environment --- morphology --- physiology --- behavior --- invertebrate --- species --- new developments --- special issue --- species diversity --- molecular diversity --- Sabellida --- Sabellidae --- Serpulidae --- Fabriciidae --- gaps of knowledge --- Acrocirridae --- Cirratulidae --- Sternaspidae --- Longosomatidae --- Paraonidae --- Cossuridae

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Although of high abundance, diversity and ecological importance, meiofauna is little covered by relevant scientific media. How can this negligence be overcome? The present treatise highlights promising meiofauna research fields, selected both from basic and applied science, as well as new methods that could strengthen the potential of meiobenthology. Selected recent meiofauna studies, often supported by rapidly advancing gene-based methods, underline the relevance and potential of meiobenthology revealing characteristics and harassments of ecosystems, not the least in extreme habitats. Also in the more classical domains such as taxonomy and phylogeny, progress in meiobenthos research defines a new and deeper scientific understanding.

Meiofauna. --- Meiobenthos --- Aquatic invertebrates --- Benthos --- Interstitial animals --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Aquatic biology. --- Biodiversity. --- Applied Ecology. --- Marine Sciences. --- Ecosystems. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Ecology --- Environmental protection --- Nature conservation --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Aquatic ecology . --- Applied ecology. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Aquatic biology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Population biology