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The menorah was the most important and dominant symbol in Jewish art, both in the Land of Israel and the Diaspora. The menorah was an integral part of the Temple ritual and was the most important of the Temple vessels. Its later representation served the purpose of reminding the Jews of their previous glory as well as their pride in the Temple, and expressed the longing and hope for the renewal of the Temple services and worship. Following the destruction of the Temple, the menorah took on the profound significance of the Temple. It also came to symbolize Judaism, when it was necessary to distinguish synagogues, Jewish tombs, and catacombs from Christian or pagan structures in the Land of Israel and the Diaspora . The menorah image has been found depicted in synagogues, public buildings, homes, and the funerary context throughout the Land of Israel and the Diaspora, leaving no doubt as to which are Jewish structures. The prominent position of the menorah in Jewish art emphasizes its significance. The book is presenting the art, archaeological, historical and literary evidence for the development, form, meaning, and significance of the menorah during the Second Temple period and the Late Antiquity.

Candelabrum [Seven-armed ] --- Chandelier à sept branches --- Kandelaar [Zevenarmige gouden ] --- Menorah --- Seven-armed Candelabrum --- Zevenarmige gouden kandelaar --- Menorah. --- 296*516 --- Candles and lights --- Judaism --- Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- Liturgical objects --- 296*516 Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen

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Judaism --- Jewish art and symbolism --- Jewish way of life --- Judaïsme --- Art et symbolisme juifs --- Juifs --- Customs and practices --- Coutumes et pratiques --- Genre de vie --- 296*516 --- 296*516 Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen

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Purity, Ritual --- Ceremonial purity --- Clean and unclean --- Cleanliness, Ritual --- Purity, Ceremonial --- Ritual purity --- Rites and ceremonies --- Judaism --- History of doctrines. --- 296*516 --- 296*516 Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- Judaism&delete& --- History of doctrines

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Iconography --- Jewish religion --- Torah ornaments --- Synagogue art --- Pictorial works --- 296*516 --- -Torah ornaments --- -Torah scrolls --- Decoration and ornament --- Judaism --- Art, Synagogue --- Jewish art --- Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- Decoration --- Liturgical objects --- Pictorial works. --- 296*516 Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- -Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- -296*516 Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- Torah scrolls --- Synagogues. --- Synagogen. --- Torah ornaments - Pictorial works --- Synagogue art - Pictorial works --- Synagogue architecture. --- Torah ornaments.

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Berit milah --- 392.1 --- 296*516 --- Berit mila --- Berith --- Berith milah --- Bris --- Briss --- Brit periah --- Brith --- Periah --- Circumcision --- Judaism --- Doop. Besnijdenis. Initiatie. Meerjarigverklaring --- Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- Religious aspects --- Customs and practices --- Theses --- Berit milah. --- 296*516 Joodse liturgische gebruiken en symbolen --- 392.1 Doop. Besnijdenis. Initiatie. Meerjarigverklaring