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En 1988, la création du revenu minimum d'insertion (RMI) a marqué un réel tournant dans l'évolution du système français de protection sociale. Dernier filet de sécurité pour assurer un revenu minimum aux personnes les plus démunies et jusqu'alors exclues du système, il a constitué une véritable innovation en organisant, parallèlement au versement d'une allocation, l'insertion des personnes concernées. Il est entré en 2008 dans sa vingtième année, avec la perspective de mise en place d'un revenu de solidarité active (RSA) à l'horizon 2009 : celui-ci peut ouvrir à des changements majeurs s'incarnant dans une réforme globale des minima sociaux et des politiques d'insertion qui les accompagnent. S'appuyant sur les dernières enquêtes statistiques et données administratives disponibles, cet ouvrage apporte des éclairages sur les publics bénéficiaires du RMI. Il permet de faire le point sur différents aspects au cœur des débats qui entourent la préparation du RSA : niveaux de vie et conditions de vie des bénéficiaires du RMI, parcours des populations concernées, efficacité des dispositifs mis en place pour permettre leur insertion sociale et professionnelle, résultats de la décentralisation du dispositif depuis 2004. Cet ouvrage est coordonné par la Direction de la recherche, des études, de l'évaluation et des statistiques (DREES), qui a lancé plusieurs enquêtes statistiques sur le sujet et participe à l'évaluation et au suivi statistique des effets de la décentralisation.

Income maintenance programs.

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This report describes IDA programs funded by two major federal grants: the Assets for Independence (AFI) Act of 1998 and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program created in the 1996 welfare reform law.

Income maintenance programs

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Against the background of a high incidence of long-term benefit receipt and an increasing focus of interventions on the individual beneficiary, this study shows how individualised policies within the German minimum income scheme serve long-term beneficiaries as a way out of benefit receipt. By applying a qualitative research design, the link between individual appropriations of policies and individual life planning is reconstructed in the form of an empirically grounded typology. The analysis shows that individualised policies are ridden with prerequisites. Beneficiaries, that are not able to expertly appropriate them and to plan in the long-term, face unintended consequences like a limitation of life planning, a separation from the scheme or an establishment within entitlement.

Income maintenance programs

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In the absence of household level data on participation in public programs, spending allocations and poverty measures across regions of Morocco are used to infer incidence across poor and non-poor groups and to decompose incidence within rural and urban areas separately, as well as to decompose improvements in enrollment rates across poor and non-poor children by gender. Programs appear to be well targeted to the rural poor but not to the urban poor. Substantial benefits accrue to the urban non-poor, while benefits largely bypass the urban poor. The analysis also uncovers evidence of impressive progress in primary and secondary school enrollments for the poor, as well as for poor girls since 1994. However, here too, the gains are concentrated on the rural poor. This paper-a product of the Public Services Team, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the incidence and targeting of public expenditures.

Income maintenance programs. --- Income maintenance programs --- Poor --- School attendance

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Income maintenance programs --- Labor supply