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High temperature plasmas --- -Plasma astrophysics --- -X-ray astronomy --- -Astronomy --- Space astronomy --- X-rays --- Astrophysical plasmas --- Plasmas, Astrophysical --- Astrophysics --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Gases at high temperatures --- Congresses --- Plasma astrophysics --- X-ray astronomy --- Congresses. --- -Congresses

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High temperature plasmas. --- Plasma engineering. --- Plasma jets. --- Jets, Plasma --- Plasma torch --- Jets --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Plasma accelerators --- Plasma devices --- Plasma rockets --- Engineering --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Gases at high temperatures

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This book provides a compact yet comprehensive overview of recent developments in collisional-radiative (CR) modeling of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. It describes advances across the entire field, from basic considerations of model completeness to validation and verification of CR models to calculation of plasma kinetic characteristics and spectra in diverse plasmas. Various approaches to CR modeling are presented, together with numerous examples of applications. A number of important topics, such as atomic models for CR modeling, atomic data and its availability and quality, radiation transport, non-Maxwellian effects on plasma emission, ionization potential lowering, and verification and validation of CR models, are thoroughly addressed. Strong emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the field, such as XFEL spectroscopy. Written by leading international research scientists from a number of key laboratories, the book offers a timely summary of the most recent progress in this area. It will be a useful and practical guide for students and experienced researchers working in plasma spectroscopy, spectra simulations, and related fields.

Electricity & Magnetism --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- High temperature plasmas. --- Plasma astrophysics. --- Astrophysical plasmas --- Plasmas, Astrophysical --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Gases at high temperatures --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Astrophysics --- Plasma Physics. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases

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In the processes studied in contemporary physics one encounters the most diverse conditions: temperatures ranging from absolute zero to those found in the cores of stars, and densities ranging from those of gases to densities tens of times larger than those of a solid body. Accordingly, the solution of many problems of modern physics requires an increasingly large volume of information about the propertiesofmatterundervariousconditions,includingextremeones. Atthesame time, there is a demand for an increasing accuracy of these data, due to the fact thatthereliabilityandcomputationalsubstantiationofmanyuniquetechnological devices and physical installations depends on them. The relatively simple models ordinarily described in courses on theoretical physics are not applicable when we wish to describe the properties of matter in a su?ciently wide range of temperatures and densities. On the other hand, expe- ments aimed at generating data on properties of matter under extreme conditions usually face considerably technical di?culties and in a number of instances are exceedingly expensive. It is precisely for these reasons that it is important to - velop and re?ne in a systematic manner quantum-statistical models and methods for calculating properties of matter, and to compare computational results with data acquired through observations and experiments. At this time, the literature addressing these issues appears to be insu?cient. If one is concerned with opacity, which determines the radiative heat conductivity of matter at high temperatures, then one can mention, for example, the books of D. A. Frank-Kamenetskii [67], R. D. Cowan [49], and also the relatively recently published book by D.

Quantum statistics. --- High temperature plasmas. --- Equations of state. --- Plasma density. --- Density, Plasma --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Equation of state --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Gases at high temperatures --- Quantum statistical mechanics --- Matrix mechanics --- Statistical mechanics --- Wave mechanics --- Properties --- Physics. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Solids

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This book is devoted to the problem of confinement of energy and particles in tokamak plasmas. The author presents the Canonical Profile Transport Model or CPTM as a rather general mathematical framework to simulate plasma discharges. The description of hot plasmas in a magnetic fusion device is a very challenging task and many plasma properties still lack a physical explanation. One important property is plasma self-organization. It is well known from experiments that the radial profile of the plasma pressure and temperature remains rather unaffected by changes of the deposited power or plasma density. The attractiveness of the CPTM is that it includes the effect of self-organization in the mathematical model without having to recur to particular physical mechanisms. The CPTM model contains one dimensional transport equations for ion and electron temperatures, plasma density and toroidal rotation velocity. These equations are well established but the expressions for the energy, particle and momentum fluxes, including corresponding critical gradients, are new. These critical gradients can be determined using the concept of canonical profiles for the first time formulated in great detail in the book. This concept represents a totally new approach to the description of transport in plasmas. Mathematically, the canonical profiles are formulated as a variational problem. To describe the temporal evolution of the plasma profiles, the Euler equation defining the canonical profiles is solved together with the transport equations at each time step. The author shows that in this way it is possible to describe very different operational scenarios in tokamaks (L-Mode, H-Mode, Advanced Modes, Radiating Improved Modes etc…), using one unique principle. The author illustrates the application of this principle to the simulation of plasmas on leading tokamak devices in the world (JET, MAST, T-10, DIII-D, ASDEX-U, JT-60U). In all cases the small differences between the calculated profiles for the ion and electron temperatures and the experimental is rather confirm the validity of the CPTM. In addition, the model also describes the temperature and density pedestals in the H-mode and non steady-state regimes with current and density ramp up. The proposed model therefore provides a very useful mathematical tool for the analysis of experimental results and for the prediction of plasma parameters in future experiments.

Physics. --- Plasma Physics. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physique --- Physique mathématique --- High temperature plasmas. --- Plasma astrophysics. --- Thermodynamics. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Nuclear energy. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Gases at high temperatures --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Physical mathematics --- Mathematics --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases