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Heat engineering

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Annotation After decades of being largely the preserve of countries in volcanic regions, the use of geothermal energy -- for both heat and power applications -- is now expanding worldwide. This reflects its excellent low-carbon credentials and its ability to offer baseload and dispatchable output - rare amongst the mainstream renewables. Yet uptake of geothermal still lags behind that of solar and wind, principally because of (i) uncertainties over resource availability in poorly-explored reservoirs and (ii) the concentration of full-lifetime costs into early-stage capital expenditure (capex). Recent advances in reservoir characterization techniques are beginning to narrow the bounds of exploration uncertainty, both by improving estimates of reservoir geometry and properties, and by providing pre-drilling estimates of temperature at depth. Advances in drilling technologies and management have potential to significantly lower initial capex, while operating expenditure is being further reduced by more effective reservoir management -- supported by robust mathematical models -- and increasingly efficient energy conversion systems (flash, binary and combined-heat-and-power). Advances in characterization and modelling are also improving management of shallow low-enthalpy resources that can only be exploited using heat-pump technology. Taken together with increased public appreciation of the benefits of geothermal, the technology is finally ready to take its place as a mainstream renewable technology, This book draws together some of the latest developments in concepts and technology that are enabling the growing realisation of the global potential of geothermal energy in all its manifestations. After decades of being largely the preserve of countries in volcanic regions, the use of geothermal energy -- for both heat and power applications -- is now expanding worldwide. This reflects its excellent low-carbon credentials and its ability to offer baseload and dispatchable output - rare amongst the mainstream renewables. Yet uptake of geothermal still lags behind that of solar and wind, principally because of (i) uncertainties over resource availability in poorly-explored reservoirs and (ii) the concentration of full-lifetime costs into early-stage capital expenditure (capex). Recent advances in reservoir characterization techniques are beginning to narrow the bounds of exploration uncertainty, both by improving estimates of reservoir geometry and properties, and by providing pre-drilling estimates of temperature at depth. Advances in drilling technologies and management have potential to significantly lower initial capex, while operating expenditure is being further reduced by more effective reservoir management -- supported by robust mathematical models -- and increasingly efficient energy conversion systems (flash, binary and combined-heat-and-power). Advances in characterization and modelling are also improving management of shallow low-enthalpy resources that can only be exploited using heat-pump technology. Taken together with increased public appreciation of the benefits of geothermal, the technology is finally ready to take its place as a mainstream renewable technology, This book draws together some of the latest developments in concepts and technology that are enabling the growing realisation of the global potential of geothermal energy in all its manifestations.

Heat engineering.

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Annotation After decades of being largely the preserve of countries in volcanic regions, the use of geothermal energy -- for both heat and power applications -- is now expanding worldwide. This reflects its excellent low-carbon credentials and its ability to offer baseload and dispatchable output - rare amongst the mainstream renewables. Yet uptake of geothermal still lags behind that of solar and wind, principally because of (i) uncertainties over resource availability in poorly-explored reservoirs and (ii) the concentration of full-lifetime costs into early-stage capital expenditure (capex). Recent advances in reservoir characterization techniques are beginning to narrow the bounds of exploration uncertainty, both by improving estimates of reservoir geometry and properties, and by providing pre-drilling estimates of temperature at depth. Advances in drilling technologies and management have potential to significantly lower initial capex, while operating expenditure is being further reduced by more effective reservoir management -- supported by robust mathematical models -- and increasingly efficient energy conversion systems (flash, binary and combined-heat-and-power). Advances in characterization and modelling are also improving management of shallow low-enthalpy resources that can only be exploited using heat-pump technology. Taken together with increased public appreciation of the benefits of geothermal, the technology is finally ready to take its place as a mainstream renewable technology, This book draws together some of the latest developments in concepts and technology that are enabling the growing realisation of the global potential of geothermal energy in all its manifestations. After decades of being largely the preserve of countries in volcanic regions, the use of geothermal energy -- for both heat and power applications -- is now expanding worldwide. This reflects its excellent low-carbon credentials and its ability to offer baseload and dispatchable output - rare amongst the mainstream renewables. Yet uptake of geothermal still lags behind that of solar and wind, principally because of (i) uncertainties over resource availability in poorly-explored reservoirs and (ii) the concentration of full-lifetime costs into early-stage capital expenditure (capex). Recent advances in reservoir characterization techniques are beginning to narrow the bounds of exploration uncertainty, both by improving estimates of reservoir geometry and properties, and by providing pre-drilling estimates of temperature at depth. Advances in drilling technologies and management have potential to significantly lower initial capex, while operating expenditure is being further reduced by more effective reservoir management -- supported by robust mathematical models -- and increasingly efficient energy conversion systems (flash, binary and combined-heat-and-power). Advances in characterization and modelling are also improving management of shallow low-enthalpy resources that can only be exploited using heat-pump technology. Taken together with increased public appreciation of the benefits of geothermal, the technology is finally ready to take its place as a mainstream renewable technology, This book draws together some of the latest developments in concepts and technology that are enabling the growing realisation of the global potential of geothermal energy in all its manifestations.

Heat engineering.

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Heat engineering --- Heat engineering. --- Mechanical Engineering - General

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Die vorliegende Dissertation umfasst experimentelle Untersuchungen zu den Ursachen der Partikelentstehung in Ottomotoren mit Saugrohreinspritzung sowie die Ableitung möglicher Maßnahmen zur Optimierung der Gemischbildung und somit zur Verringerung der Partikelemission. Grundlegende Untersuchungen zur Gemischbildung wurden an einer Verdunstungskammer in der Gestalt eines Einlasskanals durchgeführt. Die Verdunstungsneigung verschiedener Sprayauslegungen konnten so bewertet werden. Zur Analyse und Minimierung von Kraftstoffwandfilmen wurden Aufnahmen an einem geschleppten Transparentmotor mit Glaszylinder mit Hilfe von High-Speed-Kameras realisiert. Hierdurch konnten Wandfilme innerhalb des Brennraums visualisiert und anhand ihrer Fläche quantifiziert werden. Eine Vielzahl von innermotorischen Einflussparametern auf die Partikelemission wurde schließlich an einem mit Endoskopen sowohl im Brennraum als auch im Saugrohr optisch zugänglichen Vollmotor untersucht. Drei dominierende Quellen für die Partikelentstehung im Brennraum von Ottomotoren mit Saugrohreinspritzung konnten dabei identifiziert werden: Kraftstoffwandfilme an den Einlassventilen, Wandfilme an der Zylinderlaufbuchse sowie Inhomogenitäten in der Gasphase. Die innermotorischen Parameter Motorlast, Motortemperatur, Ventilsteuerzeiten, Einspritztiming, Ladungsbewegung, Injektorsprayauslegung und Kraftstoffdruck wurden hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die Partikelentstehung sowie auf ihr Potential zur Reduktion der Partikelemission untersucht und bewertet.

Combustion engineering. --- Heat engineering