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International Freethought Congress (1st : 1904 : Rome --- Italy)

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Free thought --- -Freethought --- Thought, Free --- Agnosticism --- Atheism --- Rationalism --- Secular humanism --- Skepticism --- Early works to 1800 --- Reason --- -Mind --- Intellect --- -Early works to 1800 --- Mind --- Freethought

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Free thought --- -Freethought --- Thought, Free --- Agnosticism --- Atheism --- Rationalism --- Secular humanism --- Skepticism --- History --- History. --- -History

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Sir Leslie Stephen (1832-1904), the founding Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography and writer on philosophy, ethics, and literature, was educated at Eton, King's College, London, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he remained as a Fellow and tutor until 1864, becoming an ordained priest in 1859. Doubt concerning his religious convictions set in rapidly, although it was not until 1875 that he formally renounced his orders. First published in book form in 1873, these closely argued essays challenging the philosophy of religious doctrine were written originally for Fraser's Magazine and The Fortnightly Review. Despite its cautious reception, the work established his reputation as a leading writer on agnosticism, paving the way for his later work The Science of Ethics. His interest in eighteenth-century thinkers is reflected in this work, with chapters on Shaftesbury and Warburton, and contemporary debate is explored in the essay on Darwinism and Divinity.

Free thought. --- Freethought --- Thought, Free --- Agnosticism --- Atheism --- Rationalism --- Secular humanism --- Skepticism

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Is modern racism a product of secularisation and the decline of Christian universalism? The debate has raged for decades, but up to now, the actual racial views of historical atheists and freethinkers have never been subjected to a systematic analysis. Race in a Godless World sets out to correct the oversight. It centres on Britain and the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century, a time when popular atheist movements were emerging and scepticism about the truth of Christianity was becoming widespread. Covering racial and evolutionary science, imperialism, slavery and racial prejudice in theory and practice, it provides a much-needed account of the complex and sometimes contradictory ideas espoused by the transatlantic community of atheists and freethinkers. It also reflects on the social dimension of irreligiousness, exploring how working-class atheists’ experiences of exclusion could make them sympathetic to other marginalised groups.

Christianity. --- Secularism. --- Atheism. --- Race --- Religious aspects. --- American history. --- British history. --- Empire. --- Freethought. --- Imperialism. --- Race. --- Racism.