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378.4 <4> --- Academic disputations --- -Disputations, Academic --- Debates and debating --- Dissertations, Academic --- Universiteiten--Europa --- History. --- -Universiteiten--Europa --- 378.4 <4> Universiteiten--Europa --- Disputations, Academic --- History --- Disputations --- Scolastique --- Europe --- Histoire --- thèse (écrit académique)

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Warriors of the Cloisters tells how key cultural innovations from Central Asia revolutionized medieval Europe and gave rise to the culture of science in the West. Medieval scholars rarely performed scientific experiments, but instead contested issues in natural science, philosophy, and theology using the recursive argument method. This highly distinctive and unusual method of disputation was a core feature of medieval science, the predecessor of modern science. We know that the foundations of science were imported to Western Europe from the Islamic world, but until now the origins of such key elements of Islamic culture have been a mystery. In this provocative book, Christopher I. Beckwith traces how the recursive argument method was first developed by Buddhist scholars and was spread by them throughout ancient Central Asia. He shows how the method was adopted by Islamic Central Asian natural philosophers--most importantly by Avicenna, one of the most brilliant of all medieval thinkers--and transmitted to the West when Avicenna's works were translated into Latin in Spain in the twelfth century by the Jewish philosopher Ibn Da'ud and others. During the same period the institution of the college was also borrowed from the Islamic world. The college was where most of the disputations were held, and became the most important component of medieval Europe's newly formed universities. As Beckwith demonstrates, the Islamic college also originated in Buddhist Central Asia. Using in-depth analysis of ancient Buddhist, Classical Arabic, and Medieval Latin writings, Warriors of the Cloisters transforms our understanding of the origins of medieval scientific culture.

Science, Medieval --- Academic disputations --- Science --- History --- Science, Medieval. --- Academic disputations. --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Medieval science --- Disputations, Academic --- Debates and debating --- Dissertations, Academic --- Natural sciences --- Science - Asia, Central - History - To 1500

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"From the 16th through to the 18th century, printed disputations were the main academic output of universities. This genre is especially attractive as it deals with the most significant cultural and scientific innovations of the early modern period, such as the printing revolution and the development of new methods in philosophy, education and scholarly exchange via personal networks. Until recently, academic disputations have attracted comparatively little scholarly attention. This volume provides for the first time a comprehensive study of the early modern disputation culture, both through theoretical discussions and overviews, and numerous case studies that analyze particular features of disputations in various European regions"

378.4 --- 378.245 --- 378.245 Dissertaties. Proefschriften. Promoties --(hoger onderwijs) --- Dissertaties. Proefschriften. Promoties --(hoger onderwijs) --- 378.4 Universiteiten --- Universiteiten --- History of civilization --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Europe --- Academic disputations --- Learning and scholarship --- Religious disputations --- Debates and debating --- Scholasticism --- History --- Theology, Scholastic --- Philosophy --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Argumentation --- Speaking --- Elocution --- Forensics (Public speaking) --- Public speaking --- Rhetoric --- Discussion --- Oratory --- Colloquies, Religious --- Disputations, Religious --- Disputations, Theological --- Religious colloquies --- Religious debates --- Theological disputations --- Theology --- Erudition --- Scholarship --- Civilization --- Intellectual life --- Education --- Research --- Scholars --- Disputations, Academic --- Dissertations, Academic --- Disputations --- History.

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Ce volume présente le troisième volet d'une enquête sur la disputatio dans les universités médiévales. Le premier, paru en 1995, traitait la dispute à la Faculté des arts à Paris au XIIIe siècle ; dans le deuxième, paru en 2002, le champ géographique et chronologique était élargi aux facultés des arts en Europe occidentale jusqu'à la fin du moyen âge. Cette troisième partie propose une comparaison entre la disputatio dans les facultés des arts et celle pratiquée dans les autres facultés. Cette comparaison n'avait pas été faite lors de la publication du volume sur Les questions disputées et les questions quodlibétiques dans les Facultés de théologie, de droit et de médecine, paru en 1985 dans la collection Typologie des sources du Moyen Age occidental. Comme dans les deux précédentes publications sur la disputatio, on trouvera ici la documentation nécessaire pour comprendre le caractère et le fonctionnement de cet outil intellectuel dans les diverses facultés des universités médiévales. Cette documentation est forcément limitée : le nombre de textes de questions disputées qui a été conservé est immense, seule une partie a été éditée et les manuscrits sont souvent difficiles à lire. Il a donc fallu faire un choix, guidé par les publications récentes et en espérant que les textes choisis sont représentatifs. Comme dans le second livre de cette série (la disputatio dans les facultés des arts), le présent volume comprend en principe l'ensemble de la période médiévale, depuis l'apparition des questions disputées dans les diverses disciplines jusqu'au XVe siècle. Une histoire plus générale, remontant plus haut dans le temps et se prolongeant plus tard, reste encore à faire. En attendant qu'il le soit, ce volume montre qu'avant la déchéance qu'elle a connue vers la fin du moyen âge, la disputatio, loin d'être une technique uniforme et figée, fut un formidable instrument de recherche et d'enseignement. C'est en grande partie grâce à elle que les intellectuels ont appris à analyser et à raisonner selon un modèle qui permettait de comprendre toutes les facettes d'un problème et d'aller toujours plus loin dans la recherche de la vérité.

History of civilization --- History of education and educational sciences --- Higher education --- Theory of knowledge --- anno 500-1499 --- Learning and scholarship --- Education, Medieval --- Universities and colleges --- Debates and debating --- Savoir et érudition --- Education médiévale --- Universités --- Débats et controverses --- History --- History. --- Histoire --- Religious disputations --- Academic disputations --- 378.4 <4> --- Universiteiten--Europa --- 378.4 <4> Universiteiten--Europa --- Savoir et érudition --- Education médiévale --- Universités --- Débats et controverses --- Education, Humanistic --- Colloquies, Religious --- Disputations, Religious --- Disputations, Theological --- Religious colloquies --- Religious debates --- Theological disputations --- Theology --- Medieval learning and scholarship --- Education, Liberal --- Humanistic education --- Liberal arts education --- Liberal education --- Education --- Classical education --- Argumentation --- Speaking --- Elocution --- Forensics (Public speaking) --- Public speaking --- Rhetoric --- Discussion --- Oratory --- Disputations, Academic --- Dissertations, Academic --- Disputations --- Medieval, 500-1500 --- Education [Humanistic ] --- Europe --- To 1500 --- Disputations académiques --- Middle Ages, 500-1500 --- Religious disputations - History --- Academic disputations - History