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The “May Fourth Movement” of 1919 is generally seen as the central event in China’s transformation from the traditional to the modern. It signalled the arrival of effective student activism on the political scene; it heralded the success of outspoken anti-imperialist ideologies; its slogans and pamphlets demonstrated the rhetorical qualities of the new vernacular writing; some of its participants went on to become leading cultural and political figures; it is said to have given birth to the Communist Party. The latter aspect has ensured that a particular narrative of the movement remained enshrined in official Chinese state ideology for many decades, a narrative often opposed by those outside China for similarly ideological reasons. No movement in modern Chinese history and culture has been more researched, yet none has been less understood. This award-winning book, by one of Peking University’s most famous professors, represents a groundbreaking attempt to return to a study of “May Fourth” that is solidly grounded in historical fact. Favouring smaller stories over grand narratives, concentrating on unknown, marginal materials rather than familiar key documents, and highlighting “May Fourth”’s indebtedness to the cultural debates of the preceding late Qing period, Chen Pingyuan reconstructs part of the actual historical scenery, demonstrating the great variety of ideas expressed during those tumultuous decades.

Intellectuals --- China --- History --- Intellectual life --- Politics and government --- S04/0811 --- S14/0400 --- S16/0170 --- China: History--May 4th Movement --- China: Education--Modern education: before 1949 (incl. Modern intellectual trends) --- China: Literature and theatrical art--General works on modern literature

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This book examines forms of Chinese historical production happening outside the mainstream of academic history, through such new measures as the publication of textbooks, the writing of local history, the preservation of archival materials, and government attempts to establish orthodox historical accounts. The book does so in order to broaden the scope of modern Chinese historiography, when it focuses primarily on a small group of writers such as Liang Qichao, Gu Jiegang, and Fu Sinian. Directly linking historical writings to the formation of the nation, the justification of elite authority, and the cultivation of active citizenry, this book shows that historiography is essential to understanding the uniqueness of Chinese modernity. Also available in paperback .

China --- Historiography. --- History --- China -- Historiography. --- China -- History -- Qing dynasty, 1644-1912. --- China -- History -- Republic, 1912-1949. --- East Asia --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- S04/0200 --- S04/0300 --- S14/0400 --- China: History--Historiography and theory of history --- China: History--Outlines, study and teaching books, reference books, manuals --- China: Education--Modern education: before 1949 (incl. Modern intellectual trends)

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The study examines the origins of the “literary revolution” proclaimed in 1917 which laid the foundation for the replacement of the classical language by the vernacular as China’s national language and medium of national literature. A unique, multifaceted approach is used to explain the political significance of the classical/vernacular divide against the backdrop of social change that followed the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-5. Seeing education as the central battleground for all debates on language, the study in six thoroughly documented chapters investigates the language policy of the Qing and Republican governments, vernacular journalism of the revolutionaries, the activities of urban script reformers, the linguistic thought of the national essence advocates, and the emergence of a scholarly interest in the vernacular in academic circles.

S14/0200 --- S14/0400 --- S14/0450 --- S15/0210 --- China: Education--General works --- China: Education--Modern education: before 1949 (incl. Modern intellectual trends) --- China: Education--Contemporary education since 1949 --- China: Language--Special linguistic subjects --- Language and education --- Language and languages --- Political aspects. --- Educational linguistics --- Education --- Political aspects --- Language and languages Political aspects

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S04/0800 --- S06/0410 --- S14/0400 --- Communism --- -Communist education --- Leadership --- #SML: Joseph Spae --- Ability --- Command of troops --- Followership --- Education, Communist --- Education --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- China: History--Republic: general --- China: Politics and government--CCP: 1921 - 1949 (Here also relations with Russian CP in that period) --- China: Education--Modern education: before 1949 (incl. Modern intellectual trends) --- Communist education. --- Leadership. --- Communist education

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In 1976, China's 'education revolution' was being hailed by foreign observers as an inspiration for all low-income countries. By 1980, the Chinese themselves had disavowed the experience, declaring it devoid of even a single redeeming virtue. This is the first comprehensive book to cover the whole sweep of twentieth-century Chinese education, and to provide a detailed study of what occurred in the countryside under the radical Maoist education experiments during the Cultural Revolution. The study of both pre- and post-1949 China provided the crucial historical perspective to distinguish continuities from innovations. Rather than the epitome of good or evil, China's educational experiences of the 1970s instead emerged as the most tumultuous episode in a long and contentious struggle to adapt Western ways for use in a non-Western society.

Education --- Educational change --- Communism and education --- School management and organization --- Administration, Educational --- Educational administration --- Inspection of schools --- Operation policies, School --- Policies, School operation --- School administration --- School inspection --- School operation policies --- School organization --- Schools --- Management --- Organization --- Education and communism --- History --- Inspection --- Management and organization --- China --- Arts and Humanities --- S14/0400 --- S14/0450 --- China: Education--Modern education: before 1949 (incl. Modern intellectual trends) --- China: Education--Contemporary education since 1949