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First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Trade associations --- Sociology. --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Business associations --- Industrial associations --- Trade and professional associations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Professional associations

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Trade and professional associations --- -Pressure groups --- -Trade associations --- -Business associations --- Industrial associations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Professional associations --- Advocacy groups --- Interest groups --- Political interest groups --- Special interest groups (Pressure groups) --- Functional representation --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Lobbying --- Policy networks --- Political action committees --- Social control --- History --- Switzerland --- Politics and government --- -Trade and professional associations --- -History --- Trade associations --- Business associations --- Pressure groups

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In 1904, China encouraged the business community to set up chambers of commerce in an effort to bridge the gulf between government officials and businessmen. They encouraged businesses to engage in industry and commerce, and to boost competitiveness with foreign capital investors. Over 45 years, spanning 1904 to 1949, Chinese chambers of commerce flourished and matured, and they played a key role in the structural and economic creation of modern China. This book documents the historical role of China's chambers of commerce. (Series: Economic History in China)

Trade associations --- Boards of trade --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- History --- History. --- Chambers of commerce --- Trade, Boards of --- Business associations --- Industrial associations --- Trade and professional associations --- Commercial associations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Professional associations --- E-books

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What policies encourage firms to become formal? The standard approach emphasizes reducing the costs of compliance with government regulation. This is unlikely to be sufficient. Instead we need to understand compliance as a function not only of firm-level costs and benefits but also in terms of the interaction between the firm and its competitors and between the firm and the state. This paper emphasizes the coordination and credibility issues involved in promoting formalization and discusses possible institutional solutions, among them business associations that make the benefits of membership dependent on compliance, information sharing arrangements among government agencies and improvements in the quality of public management.

Access to Finance --- Business associations --- E-Business --- Economic activities --- Emerging Markets --- Entrepreneurs --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Government intervention --- Information sharing --- Microfinance --- Private enterprise --- Private Sector Development --- Public policy --- Small businesses --- Small enterprise --- Union

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Prior to 1989, the communist countries of Eastern Europe and the USSR lacked genuine employer and industry associations. After the collapse of communism, industry associations mushroomed throughout the region. Duvanova argues that abusive regulatory regimes discourage the formation of business associations and poor regulatory enforcement tends to encourage associational membership growth. Academic research often treats special interest groups as vehicles of protectionism and non-productive collusion. This book challenges this perspective with evidence of market-friendly activities by industry associations and their benign influence on patterns of public governance. Careful analysis of cross-national quantitative data spanning more than 25 countries, and qualitative examination of business associations in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Croatia, shows that postcommunist business associations function as substitutes for state and private mechanisms of economic governance. These arguments and empirical findings put the long-standing issues of economic regulations, public goods and collective action in a new theoretical perspective.

Trade associations --- Pressure groups --- Advocacy groups --- Interest groups --- Political interest groups --- Special interest groups (Pressure groups) --- Functional representation --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Lobbying --- Policy networks --- Political action committees --- Social control --- Business associations --- Industrial associations --- Trade and professional associations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Professional associations --- E-books --- Social Sciences --- Political Science