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Antidumping duties --- Dumping (International trade) --- Foreign trade regulation --- Droits antidumping --- Commerce extérieur --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Réglementation --- Dumping --- 351.82*6 EU --- 351.824 EC --- -Dumping (International trade) --- -Antidumping law --- Anti-dumping duties --- Antidumping tariffs --- Contingent duties --- Countervailing duties --- Tariff --- Mededingingsrecht. Kartelrecht--EU --- Economische wetgeving i.v.m. handel, industrie--EC --- -Law and legislation --- -Mededingingsrecht. Kartelrecht--EU --- 351.824 EC Economische wetgeving i.v.m. handel, industrie--EC --- 351.82*6 EU Mededingingsrecht. Kartelrecht--EU --- -Anti-dumping duties --- Antidumping law --- Commerce extérieur --- Réglementation --- Antidumping --- Dumping (Commercial policy) --- Competition, Unfair --- International trade --- European Union countries

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Trade theory --- European Union --- Foreign trade regulation --- Subsidies --- Antidumping duties --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Law and legislation --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Anti-dumping duties --- Antidumping tariffs --- Contingent duties --- Countervailing duties --- Foreign trade regulation - European Union countries --- Subsidies - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Antidumping duties - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Non-tariff trade barriers - Law and legislation - European Union countries

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To understand the role of trade policies in the crisis of 2008, this paper constructs the overall trade restrictiveness indices for a wide range of countries using their tariff schedules in 2008 and 2009. The index summarizes the trade policy stance of a country, taking into account the share of each good in trade as well as its corresponding import demand elasticity. Results show that there is no widespread increase in protectionism via tariff policies since the global financial crisis has unfolded. While many countries have adjusted tariffs upward on selected products, only a handful of countries, such as Malawi, Russia, Argentina, Turkey and China focus on products that have significant impacts on trade flows. The United States and the European Union, by contrast, rely mainly on anti-dumping duties to shield domestic industries. Overall, while the rise in tariffs and anti-dumping duties in these countries may have jointly caused global trade to drop by as much as USD 43 billion during the crisis period, it explains less than 2 percent of the collapse in world trade.

Ad valorem --- Agricultural products --- Anti-dumping cases --- Anti-dumping duties --- Domestic industries --- Economic Theory & Research --- European Union --- Financial crisis --- Free Trade --- Imported items --- Imported products --- International Bank --- International Economics and Trade --- International Trade --- Law and Development --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Policy Research --- Protectionist device --- Regional trade --- Regional trade agreements --- Trade and Services --- Trade flows --- Trade Law --- Trade measures --- Trade Policies --- Trade Policy --- World Trade Organization

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Antidumping duties --- Subsidies --- Sunset reviews of government programs --- Droits antidumping --- Subventions --- Law and legislation. --- Droit --- Dumping --- Politique publique --- Évaluation --- -Subsidies --- -Sunset reviews of government programs --- -Government programs, Sunset reviews of --- Reviews of government programs, Sunset --- Finance, Public --- Legislative oversight --- Public administration --- Zero-base budgeting --- Business subsidies --- Corporate subsidies --- Corporate welfare --- Government subsidies --- Grants --- Vouchers (Subsidies) --- Welfare, Corporate --- Government aid --- Foreign trade promotion --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Anti-dumping duties --- Antidumping tariffs --- Contingent duties --- Countervailing duties --- Tariff --- Law and legislation --- -Law and legislation --- Antidumping law --- Sunset legislation --- Administrative law --- Trade regulation --- Droit. --- Évaluation.

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Economic law --- European Union --- Foreign trade regulation --- Subsidies --- Antidumping duties --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Commerce extérieur --- Subventions --- Droits antidumping --- Barrières non tarifaires --- Law and legislation --- Réglementation --- Droit --- Dumping --- Concurrence --- Droit commercial (droit européen) --- Droit commercial (droit international) --- Droit européen --- 351.82*6 EU --- Business law --- -Business --- Commerce --- Law, Commercial --- Mercantile law --- Law --- Law merchant --- Maritime law --- Mededingingsrecht. Kartelrecht--EU --- -Mededingingsrecht. Kartelrecht--EU --- 351.82*6 EU Mededingingsrecht. Kartelrecht--EU --- Commerce extérieur --- Barrières non tarifaires --- Réglementation --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Anti-dumping duties --- Antidumping tariffs --- Contingent duties --- Countervailing duties --- Droit européen. --- Foreign trade regulation - European Economic Community countries. --- Antidumping duties - Law and legislation - European Economic Community countries. --- Foreign trade regulation - European Union countries --- Subsidies - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Antidumping duties - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Non-tariff trade barriers - Law and legislation - European Union countries