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Unemployment --- Manpower policy --- Chômage --- Emploi --- Government policy --- Politique gouvernementale --- Chômage --- -331.13794 --- Services for --- 1Political activity. --- -Unemployment. --- Unemployed --- Jobless people --- Out-of-work people --- Unemployed people --- Unemployed workers --- Labor supply --- Persons --- Right to labor --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Underemployment --- E-books --- Labour market --- Europe --- 1Political activity --- Unemployment - Government policy - Europe --- Manpower policy - Europe --- Chômeurs --- Activistes politiques --- Politique publique --- Administration

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The third stage of European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) was implemented in January 1999 against the specter of persistently high unemployment in many of the participating countries. While the high European unemployment has received considerable attention, this new IMF staff study analyzes an equally important issue: the extent of regional unemployment disparities in certain countries. The paper focuses on large and persistent differences in regional unemployment rates within several European countries. The paper includes detailed case studies of two euro area countries where regional disparities in unemployment are striking- Italy and Spain. The studies emphasize that wages are unresponsive to local labor market conditions.

Labour market --- Europe --- Unemployment --- Regional disparities --- -Unemployment --- -331.56 <4> --- werkloosheid --- regionaal economisch beleid --- europa --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 305.94 --- 332.691 --- 306.13 --- 338.43 --- 307.21 --- 332.620 --- 330.05 --- 331.13794 --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Right to labor --- Underemployment --- Werkloosheid. Arbeidsreserve--Europa --- chomage --- politique economique regionale --- europe --- Econometrie van de arbeidsmarkt, de werkgelegenheid en de werkloosheid. --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Indexcijfers van de werkgelegenheid en van de werkloosheid. --- Regionaal beleid. Industriële ontwikkeling en omschakeling van bepaalde regio's. Nieuwe industrieën. --- Statistieken van de werkgelegenheid en werkloosheid. --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve. --- Working papers --- Regional disparities. --- 331.56 <4> Werkloosheid. Arbeidsreserve--Europa --- 331.56 <4> --- Econometrie van de arbeidsmarkt, de werkgelegenheid en de werkloosheid --- Indexcijfers van de werkgelegenheid en van de werkloosheid --- Statistieken van de werkgelegenheid en werkloosheid --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Regionaal beleid. Industriële ontwikkeling en omschakeling van bepaalde regio's. Nieuwe industrieën --- Unemployment - OECD countries - Regional disparities --- Unemployment - Europe - Regional disparities --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Employment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure --- Labour --- income economics --- Unemployment rate --- Labor markets --- Labor market --- Economic theory --- Labor costs --- Italy --- Income economics

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Labour market --- Taxes --- European Union --- Labor supply --- Welfare recipients --- Unemployment --- Income tax --- Marché du travail, Effets de l'impôt sur le --- Aide sociale --- Chômage --- Impôt sur le revenu --- Effect of taxation on --- Employment --- Bénéficiaires --- Travail --- Public welfare --- 331.5 <4> --- 331.56 <4> --- 316.323.65 --- 304 <4> --- #SBIB:023.IO --- #SBIB:35H435 --- #SBIB:35H437 --- #SBIB:33H13 --- #SBIB:33H16 --- 331.5 EUR --- #A0107A --- 451 Werkloosheid --- niveau de vie --- prosperite et bien etre --- chomage --- crise economique --- politique fiscale --- politique sociale --- europe --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 331.31 --- 332.691 --- 336.61 --- 330.580 --- 368.40 --- 332.630 --- Europese Unie --- Nederland --- arbeid, loon --- arbeidsmarkt --- fiscaliteit --- welvaartseconomie --- werkgelegenheid --- werkloosheid --- 336.2 <4> --- 331.13794 --- -Welfare recipients --- -Unemployment --- -Public welfare --- -Income tax --- -Personal income tax --- Taxable income --- Taxation of income --- Direct taxation --- Internal revenue --- Progressive taxation --- Tithes --- Wages --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Manpower policy --- Right to labor --- Underemployment --- Public welfare recipients --- Poor --- Labor force --- Labor force participation --- Labor pool --- Work force --- Workforce --- Labor market --- Human capital --- Labor mobility --- Manpower --- Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --(algemeen)--Europa --- Werkloosheid. Arbeidsreserve--Europa --- Verzorgingsstaat. Welvaartsstaat --- Sociale politiek. Maatschappelijke opbouw. Sociale problemen, vraagstukken--Europa --- Beleidssectoren: economisch en werkgelegenheidsbeleid --- Beleidssectoren: sociale zekerheid --- Economische politiek --- Publieke financiën --- levensstandaard --- welvaart en welzijn --- economische crisis --- fiscaal beleid --- sociale politiek --- europa --- Economisch beleid. --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Financieel beleid. --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- -Employment --- -Taxation --- Government policy --- -Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --(algemeen)--Europa --- -331.5 <4> --- 304 <4> Sociale politiek. Maatschappelijke opbouw. Sociale problemen, vraagstukken--Europa --- 331.56 <4> Werkloosheid. Arbeidsreserve--Europa --- 331.5 <4> Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --(algemeen)--Europa --- 316.323.65 Verzorgingsstaat. Welvaartsstaat --- -316.323.65 Verzorgingsstaat. Welvaartsstaat --- Personal income tax --- -Government policy --- Marché du travail, Effets de l'impôt sur le --- Chômage --- Impôt sur le revenu --- Bénéficiaires --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Economisch beleid --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Financieel beleid --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden --- Taxation --- Labor supply - Effect of taxation on - European Union countries --- Welfare recipients - Employment - European Union countries --- Unemployment - European Union countries --- Public welfare - European Union countries --- Income tax - European Union countries