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Religious architecture --- Saint-Wandrille-Rançon

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Christian religious orders --- anno 800-899 --- anno 900-999 --- Saint-Wandrille-Rançon --- Ghent

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The status of prisoners of war was firmly rooted in the practice of ransoming in the Middle Ages. By the opening stages of the Hundred Years War, ransoming had become widespread among the knightly community, and the crown had already begun to exercise tighter control over the practice of war. This led to tensions between public and private interests over ransoms and prisoners of war. Historians have long emphasised the significance of the French and English crowns' interference in the issue of prisoners of war, but this original and stimulating study questions whether they have been too influenced by the state-centred nature of most surviving sources. Based on extensive archival research, this book tests customs, laws and theory against the individual experiences of captors and prisoners during the Hundred Years War, to evoke their world in all its complexity.

History of Europe --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1300-1399 --- Hundred Years' War, 1339-1453 --- Ransom --- Guerre de Cent Ans, 1339-1453 --- Rançon --- Prisoners and prisons --- History --- Prisonniers et prisons --- Histoire --- Guerre de Cent ans (1337-1453) --- Prisoners and prisons. --- Rançon --- Guerre de Cent Ans (1337-1453) --- Rançon. --- Prisonniers et prisons. --- Arts and Humanities --- Hundred Years' War, 1339-1453 - Prisoners and prisons --- Rançon.

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Payer ou ne pas payer ? Céder, quitte à récompenser et renforcer un ennemi, ou rester ferme, quitte à laisser mourir l’un des siens ? Plébiscités par les organisations terroristes, les enlèvements avec rançon imposent un dilemme radical aux États de droit. Ce livre dresse le panorama de l’un des phénomènes les plus emblématiques des relations internationales. S’appuyant sur des entretiens réalisés dans sept pays auprès de services de renseignements, de négociateurs, de diplomates, de représentants politiques et d’ex-otages, il interroge le prix que nos sociétés attribuent à la vie humaine. Distinguant les gouvernements qui privilégient la solidarité ou le sacrifice, la liberté ou la sécurité, il pointe les impasses des approches en vigueur. Et si la question n’était pas comment agir mais qui doit agir ? Et si l’enjeu ne relevait pas de la souveraineté mais de la responsabilité ? Et si la réponse ne venait pas d’un État omnipotent mais des individus et des acteurs privés ? Une réflexion originale et sans tabou sur un monde méconnu.

Hostage negotiations --- Ransom --- Political kidnapping --- Otages. --- Rançon. --- Négociations pour la libération d'otages. --- Rançon. --- Négociations pour la libération d'otages. --- International relations --- Terrorism --- Government liability (International law) --- Négociations pour la libération d'otages --- Rançon --- Relations internationales --- Enlèvement politique --- Terrorisme --- État --- Responsabilité (Droit international)

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In medieval Europe hostages were given, not taken. They were a means of guarantee used to secure transactions ranging from treaties to wartime commitments to financial transactions. In principle, the force of the guarantee lay in the threat to the life of the hostage if the agreement were broken but, while violation of agreements was common, execution of hostages was a rarity. Medieval hostages are thus best understood not as simple pledges, but as a political institution characteristic of the medieval millennium, embedded in its changing historical contexts. In the Early Middle Ages, hostageship was principally seen in warfare and diplomacy, operating within structures of kinship and practices of alliance characteristic of elite political society. From the eleventh century, hostageship diversified, despite the spread of a legal and financial culture that would seem to have made it superfluous. Hostages in the Middle Ages traces the development of this institution from Late Antiquity through the period of the Hundred Years War, across Europe and the Mediterranean World. It explores the logic of agreements, the identity of hostages, and the conditions of their confinement, while shedding light on a wide range of subjects, from sieges and treaties, to captivity and ransom, to the Peace of God and the Crusades, to the rise of towns and representation, to political communication and shifting gender dynamics. The book closes by examining the reasons for the decline of hostageship in the Early Modern era, and the rise the modern variety of hostageship that was addressed by the Nuremberg tribunals and the United Nations in the twentieth century.

History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- Hostages --- International relations --- Political kidnapping --- Diplomacy --- Political culture --- Otages --- Relations internationales --- Enlèvement politique --- Diplomatie --- Culture politique --- History --- Histoire --- Enlèvement politique --- Prisonniers de guerre --- Rançon --- Rachat des captifs --- Prisonniers --- Traités --- Europe --- Moyen âge --- Statut juridique --- Rançon --- Traités --- Moyen âge