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Turkmenistan --- Turkménistan --- History --- Dictionaries --- Histoire --- Dictionnaires anglais --- 908 <575.4> --- Heemkunde. Area studies--Turkmenistan --- Turkménistan --- Respublika Turkmenistan --- Republic of Turkmenistan --- Turkmenostan Respublikasy --- トルクメニスタン --- Torukumenisutan --- تركمانستان --- 土库曼斯坦 --- Tukumansitan --- Türkmenisztán --- 투르크메니스탄 --- T'urŭk'ŭmenisŭt'an --- ترکمنستان --- Turkmanistān --- Turcomenistão --- טורקמניסטן --- Turkmen S.S.R.
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Arts, Turkmen --- Turkmen --- Material culture --- Turkmenistan --- Social life and customs --- Exhibitions --- Akhal Tekke-Turkomans --- Salor-Turkomans --- Sarik-Turkomans --- Tekke-Turkomans --- Turcomans --- Turkmens --- Turkomans --- Ethnology --- Turkic peoples --- Arts, Turkoman --- Turkmen arts --- Respublika Turkmenistan --- Republic of Turkmenistan --- Turkmenostan Respublikasy --- トルクメニスタン --- Torukumenisutan --- تركمانستان --- 土库曼斯坦 --- Tukumansitan --- Türkmenisztán --- 투르크메니스탄 --- T'urŭk'ŭmenisŭt'an --- ترکمنستان --- Turkmanistān --- Turcomenistão --- טורקמניסטן --- Turkmen S.S.R.
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Economic assistance --- Economic assistance. --- USAID/Turkmenistan --- Turkmenistan --- Turkmenistan. --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Conditionality (International relations) --- United States. --- USAID Mission to Turkmenistan --- Republic of Turkmenistan --- Respublika Turkmenistan --- Torukumenisutan --- Tukumansitan --- Turcomenistão --- Turkmanistān --- Türkmenisztán --- Turkmenostan Respublikasy --- T'urŭk'ŭmenisŭt'an --- トルクメニスタン --- تركمانستان --- 土库曼斯坦 --- 투르크메니스탄 --- ترکمنستان --- טורקמניסטן --- Turkmen S.S.R.
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On October 27, 1991, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic declared its independence from the Soviet Union. Hammer and sickle gave way to a flag, a national anthem, and new holidays. Seven decades earlier, Turkmenistan had been a stateless conglomeration of tribes. What brought about this remarkable transformation? Tribal Nation addresses this question by examining the Soviet effort in the 1920's and 1930's to create a modern, socialist nation in the Central Asian Republic of Turkmenistan. Adrienne Edgar argues that the recent focus on the Soviet state as a "maker of nations" overlooks another vital factor in Turkmen nationhood: the complex interaction between Soviet policies and indigenous notions of identity. In particular, the genealogical ideas that defined premodern Turkmen identity were reshaped by Soviet territorial and linguistic ideas of nationhood. The Soviet desire to construct socialist modernity in Turkmenistan conflicted with Moscow's policy of promoting nationhood, since many Turkmen viewed their "backward customs" as central to Turkmen identity. Tribal Nation is the first book in any Western language on Soviet Turkmenistan, the first to use both archival and indigenous-language sources to analyze Soviet nation-making in Central Asia, and among the few works to examine the Soviet multinational state from a non-Russian perspective. By investigating Soviet nation-making in one of the most poorly understood regions of the Soviet Union, it also sheds light on broader questions about nationalism and colonialism in the twentieth century.
Turkmen --- Nationalism --- Turkmènes --- Nationalisme --- Ethnic identity. --- Identité ethnique --- Turkmenistan --- Turkménistan --- History --- Social conditions. --- Histoire --- Conditions sociales --- -Nationalism --- -Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Political science --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- Akhal Tekke-Turkomans --- Salor-Turkomans --- Sarik-Turkomans --- Tekke-Turkomans --- Turcomans --- Turkmens --- Turkomans --- Ethnology --- Turkic peoples --- Ethnic identity --- -Social conditions. --- -Ethnic identity --- Turkmènes --- Identité ethnique --- Turkménistan --- Consciousness, National --- Respublika Turkmenistan --- Republic of Turkmenistan --- Turkmenostan Respublikasy --- トルクメニスタン --- Torukumenisutan --- تركمانستان --- 土库曼斯坦 --- Tukumansitan --- Türkmenisztán --- 투르크메니스탄 --- T'urŭk'ŭmenisŭt'an --- ترکمنستان --- Turkmanistān --- Turcomenistão --- טורקמניסטן --- Turkmen S.S.R.
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Caspian Energy Politics analyses the role of oil and gas in the development of the three main petroleum exporters in the Caspian region - Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan - and how energy resources influence interactions with semi-authoritarian Russia and China. Due to volatile commodity prices and competition for the resources in and around the Caspian Sea, the governments of these petroleum-exporters face a series of difficult decisions. These governments have sought to balance short-term incentives to spend oil revenues as a means to maintain power against the need
Petroleum industry and trade --- Petroleum reserves --- Azerbaijan --- Kazakhstan --- Turkmenistan --- Foreign economic relations --- Oil industriesInstellingen en beleid: andere GOS-statenAzerbaijan --- TurkmenistanForeign economic relations. --- Energy industries --- Oil industries --- Government policy --- Respublika Turkmenistan --- Republic of Turkmenistan --- Turkmenostan Respublikasy --- トルクメニスタン --- Torukumenisutan --- تركمانستان --- 土库曼斯坦 --- Tukumansitan --- Türkmenisztán --- 투르크메니스탄 --- T'urŭk'ŭmenisŭt'an --- ترکمنستان --- Turkmanistān --- Turcomenistão --- טורקמניסטן --- Turkmen S.S.R. --- Republic of Kazakhstan --- Republic of Kazakstan --- Kazakstan --- Qazaqstan --- Qazaqstan Respublikasy --- Respublika Kazakhstan --- Kasachstan --- Ha-sa-ssu-tʻan kung ho kuo --- Hasake si tan gong he guo --- Kazak Respublikasy --- Kazakistan --- Qazāqistān --- Казахстан --- Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy --- Республика Казахстан --- カザフスタン --- Kazafusutan --- Cazaquistão --- קזחסטן --- Ḳazaḥsṭan --- Kazakh S.S.R. --- Republic of Azerbaijan --- Azerbaijani Republic --- Azarbayjan Respublikasy --- Aserbaidschan --- Azărbai̐jan Respublikasy --- Azärbaycan Respublikası --- Azarbaijchan Respublikasy --- Azärbaycan --- Āz̲arbāyjān (Republic) --- Āz̲arbāyijān --- Āz̲arbāyajān --- Azerbaigian --- Azerbaijan S.S.R. --- Foreign economic relations. --- #SBIB:328H263 --- Instellingen en beleid: andere GOS-staten --- Cazaquistão --- Kazachstan --- Petroleum industry and trade - Government policy - Azerbaijan --- Petroleum industry and trade - Government policy - Kazakhstan --- Petroleum industry and trade - Government policy - Turkmenistan --- Petroleum reserves - Caspian Sea --- Petroleum industry and trade - Caspian Sea --- Petroleum industry and trade - Persian Gulf Region --- Azerbaijan - Foreign economic relations --- Kazakhstan - Foreign economic relations --- Turkmenistan - Foreign economic relations
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